Environmental Flow Requirement (EFR) is defined as the flow that is necessary to ensure the existence of habitats in water resources systems. EFR is defined in rivers as flow index commonly. Tennant method is the most popular hydrological method in rivers and based on the historic flow data. The most common method of hydraulic rating method is the wetted perimeter method. Habitat simulation tec...

................................................................................................................................................iii 1.0 Background...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Instream Flow Requirements...............................................................................

infiltration in furrow irrigation is 2-d which depends on both time and surface characteristics at which infiltration occurs. however, in many furrow irrigation models, infiltration is determined as a function of infiltration time opportunity, assuming the variation of weted perimeter is low along furrow. in order to compare the proposed asumptions, two zero-inertia furrow irrigation models wer...

One of the common concrete channels in irrigation networks is the semielliptical prefabricated channels. Manning formula is usually used to design these channels. The cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter are required to be calculated in Manning formula. There are no analytical solutions to directly compute these parameters. Thus, numerical integration methods are inevitably used. In th...

in the present research necessities of instream flow needs (ifn) assessment in the rivers with focusing on delichai river as case study is investigated using the hydro-ecological methods. at first, ifn is assessed using two common approaches of the tennant and wetted perimeter. then considering that rainbow trout is the most important and dominant species in this river, ecological condition of ...

this paper studies one of the most important problems of those countries that are confronted with the water deficit and competition of rivals for the water allocation. in this research, by discussing on the currently used methods for minimum environmental water definition in iran, a method that is applicable efficiently and more precisely in the areas with no biological habitat data is introduc...

Here we illustrate the free search for the optimal geometry of flow channel cross-sections that meet two objectives simultaneously: reduced resistances to heat transfer and fluid flow. The element cross section and the wall material are fixed, while the shape of the fluid flow opening, or the wetted perimeter is free to vary. Two element cross sections are considered, square and equilateral tri...

This is a summary of the Scientific Peer Review Panel's evaluation of the scientific and technical data, assumptions, and methodologies used by the Southwest Florida Water Management District in the development of its proposed minimum flows and minimum levels (MLFs) for the Upper Peace River. To the best of its abilities, the Peer Review Panel has not only attempted to provide a critical review...

In this paper, an experimental study investigating the effect of geometrical shape circular and rectangular pin fins on heat transfer performance boiling phenomenon is presented. A pool experiment in HFE-7100 dielectric working fluid under atmospheric pressure was conducted. Boiling curves coefficients different test cases were plotted to evaluate as well captured images samples. Two quantities...