Solid waste collection, transfer and transportation (SWCTT) is a fundamental component of solid waste management systems that contributes to both the costs and environmental emissions associated with managing solid waste. The objective of this study is to project the fuel consumption and fuel costs of SWCTT in Tehran from 2018 to 2032. A further objective is to evaluate the air pollutant emissi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) present in the ambient air of operating rooms (OR), are associated with various occupational hazards. This paper intends to discuss occupational exposure to WAGs and its impact on exposed professionals, with emphasis on genetic damage and oxidative stress. CONTENT Despite the emergence of safer inhaled anesthetics, occupational expos...

Waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) can be defined as all halogenated organic compounds (including methoxyflurane, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, and enflurane) and nitrous oxide that escape from the anesthetic circuit, or are exhaled by the patient. Management of WAGs intuitively seems prudent, but because excessive exposure is often difficult to detect without special monitoring de...

Waste collection and transportation is considered as the most costly stage of waste management, to the extent that more than 70% of the total waste management costs are related to this sector. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost of the waste collection and transportation system of the 5th district of Tabriz, Iran, in 2015. For this purpose, the maps of collection routes and locations ...

Introduction: About 50 to 70 percent of the waste management total cost is spent on collection operations, so any little progress in reducing collection costs could significantly reduce total costs. This study aimed to analyze the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste cost in Yazd in the next 15 years. Materials and Methods: The study location (five areas) was different urban ...

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is an 890 square mile multiprogram Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory in southeastern Idaho. Over the past 50 years, the laboratory has witnessed many significant scientific advances, particularly in the areas of nuclear propulsion, nuclear reactor safety and design, and waste management. As a result of this long history, va...

The potential risk posed by contaminants in surface and shallow subsurface soil at WAGS 6 and 10 were evaluated by developing models to determine exposure pathways and receptors, and using bioenergetics-based exposure models to estimate exposure. However, an assumption that no pathway to ecological receptors exists for this medium was incorporated into the WAGS 6 and 10 ERA. Groundwater is cons...

Annually more than 80% of the overall budget of the uran solid waste management system in Iran is allotted to collection and transportation of the solid wastes. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the external costs associated with solid waste collection, transfer, and transportation in Tehran for the period of 2018 to 2032 based on the current situation. Waste guidance syste...

The publication on ‘‘Occupational hazards due to exposure to waste anesthetic gases’’ is very interesting. Lucio LMC, Braz et al. noted that ‘‘The occupational hazards related to WAGs including genotoxicity, mutagenicity and oxidative stress, stand as a public health issue and must be acknowledged by exposed personnel and responsible authorities, especially in developing countries. Thus, it is ...

Potential health hazards from waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) have been a concern since the introduction of inhalational anesthetics into clinical practice. The potential to exceed recommended exposure levels (RELs) in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) exists. The aim of this pilot study was to assess sevoflurane WAG levels while accounting for factors that affect inhalational anesthetic elimin...