Despite the reported health-related advantages of the use of warm water in bidets, there are health-related disadvantages associated with the use of these toilet seats, and the bacterial research is sparse. We conducted a survey on the hygienic conditions of 127 warm-water bidet toilet seats in restrooms on a university campus. The spray water from the toilet seats had less residual chlorine th...

Does it matter in what order the four irrigations are conducted in the caloric test? It has been suggested that warm water (44 degrees C) elicits stronger reactions than does cold water (30 degrees C), which might be explained simply by slight differences in water temperatures. However, if it can be shown that starting with cold water diminishes the difference between the warm and cold irrigati...

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of warm water sitz baths in patients who have undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) owing to lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of 1,783 patients who had undergone TURP between 2001 and 2009. In the warm water sitz bath group, patients were instructed...

Larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were exposed to either a warm (18 degrees C) or a cold (3 degrees C) water temperature and either with (treated) or without (untreated) the presence of potassium perchlorate (KClO4). After 23 weeks, larvae were examined for signs of metamorphosis and serum samples were collected to assay thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. Wat...

[1] Warm rain occurs in low‐level liquid water clouds and does not involve an ice‐phase process. Comprising many state‐of‐the‐art passive and active instruments, the NASA A‐Train series of satellites provide comprehensive simultaneous information about warm clouds and their precipitation processes. This study exploits multi‐sensor data from the A‐Train satellite constellation to investigate the...

Background: Sports, hypothermia and hyperthermia as some stressors inhibit male reproductive functions and are associated with subfertility or infertility. We investigated whether water temperature and chronic swimming are effective on mouse sperm parameters. Materials and Methods: Adult male mouse(N=35) were randomly divided into 7 groups: 1-controls 2-cold water (100C) with swimming 3- cold w...

Isotope data from bulk carbonates, micrite, marine calcite cements, non-skeletal grains and brachiopods indicate deposition of a wide spectrum of warm to cold water carbonates during the Ordovician and the Jurassic. This isotopic interpretation is supported by warm to cold climatic models proposed for the Ordovician and the Jurassic. These carbonates formed during the Greenhouse mode (condition...