BACKGROUND Stuttering and word-finding difficulty (WFD) are two types of communication difficulty that occur frequently in children who learn English as an additional language (EAL), as well as those who only speak English. The two disorders require different, specific forms of intervention. Prior research has described the symptoms of each type of difficulty. This paper describes the developme...

Sediment is an essential, integral and dynamic part of our river basins. A healthy river needs sediment as a source of life. Unfortunately, sediment also acts as a potential sink for many hazardous chemicals. Above a certain level of contamination this will result in negative impacts such a loss of biodiversity. This is deemed intolerable by society and hence the European Water Framework Direct...

This study examines the effect of a community-based work experience program Work for the Dole (WfD) on transitions out of unemployment in Australia. To evaluate the WfD program a quasi-experimental exact matching approach is applied. Justification for the matching approach is a ‘natural experiment’ limits on WfD project funding that it is argued constituted a source of random assignment to the ...

One of the most innovative aspects of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the incorporation of economic principles and tools into water management and water policy. Amongst the various economic analyses stated or implied in the WFD, the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of mitigation measures needed to achieve the ‘good ecological status’ has been given a pivotal place. This is aime...

[1] The heat pulse probe (HPP) technique has been successfully applied for estimating water flux density (WFD). Estimates of WFD have been limited to values greater than 10 cm d , except for two recent studies with lower detection limits of 2.4 and 5.6 cm d . Although satisfactory for saturated soils, it is recognized that current HPP capabilities are limited for applications in the vadose zone...

Besides the European Union (EU) Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals (REACH), the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is probably the single most important piece of environmental legislation in Europe when it comes to dealing with nanomaterials in the future given their widespread and dispersive use. Despite of the importance of the WFD, the WFD has ...

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which was adopted in 2000, changed water management in all member states of the European Union fundamentally, putting aquatic ecology at the base of management decisions. Here we review the successes and problems encountered with implementation of the WFD over the past 10years and provide recommendations to further improve the implementation process...

The paper focuses on the decision-making process in the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD is an important piece of legislation, which will decide the quality of the EU aquatic environment for the foreseeable future. The main environmental goal of the Directive is good ecological status, to be achieved by 2015. The paper highlights the central role disproportionate cost analysis (DCA),...

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) imposes a new approach to water resource management in the EU states. Uncertainty surrounding its implementation, however, could badly affect the achievement of the objectives set by the Directive. Although not directly linked to a set of techniques to deal with it, the WFD and accompanying guideline documents identify uncertainty as a factor likely to play a...