-  Power system state estimation is a central component in energy management systems of power system. The goal of state estimation is to determine the system status and power flow of transmission lines. This paper presents an advanced state estimation algorithm based on weighted least square (WLS) criteria by introducing virtual meters. For each bus of network, except slack bus, a virtual meter...

Ultrasonic clamp-on meters have become an established technology for non-invasive flow measurements. Under disturbed conditions, their measurement values must be adjusted with corresponding fluid mechanical calibration factors. Due to the variety of disturbances and installation positions, experimental determination these factors often needs complemented by computational dynamics (CFD) simulati...

khorasan razavi province with the total precipitations of less than 225 mm/year and total area of irrigated area of 1087466 hectare is considered as one of the most important agricultural region in iran. this province has also important role in local and national economy. lack of perennial river and little amount of surface water has caused 1.06 billion cubic meter of over withdrawn from ground...

demand and supply of water in iran is unbalanced. this situation has caused a great challenge in water resources management. in order to overcome this problem, the role of international trade of virtual water has been ignored. virtual water trade is one of the key solutions for water scarcity. each country should adapt virtual water trade based upon its socio-cultural, economical, and climatic ...

A mathematical model is presented for comparing geometric and image-based simplification methods. Geometric simplification reduces the number of polygons in the virtual object and image-based simplification replaces the object with an image. Our model integrates and extrapolates existing accuracy estimates, enabling the comparison of different simplification methods in order to choose the most ...

This article reports on a study of route guidance using a navigation system that receives location information from a Global Positioning System receiver. Fifteen visually impaired participants traveled along 50-meter (about 164-foot) paths in each of five conditions that were defined by the type of display interface used. One of the virtual displays-virtual speech-led to the shortest travel tim...

Along with the success of the massively multiplayer role-playing gaming industry in Asia, online gaming-related crimes have grown at an amazing rate. Most of the criminal cases are related to virtual properties since markets have developed for the virtual properties giving them real world values. There has been little research and resulting technologies for MMRPG virtual property protection. In...

A hologram of a specially designed multivergence target which displays real and virtual objects (numbers) simultaneously has been used to test the vision of various spectacle corrected subjects. Through the hologram, the subjects see standard '60-meter' numbers that have different amounts of blur. It is found that there is a difference between myopes and hyperopes in the amount of positive blur...