Introduction The full hermetic package for electronics and optoelectronic (OE) devices was first developed in the 1800’s and has served these industries well. The earliest optoelectronic devices, cathode ray tubes (CRT) demonstrated in the late 1800’s, used a sealed glass vacuum enclosure. The Braun Tube, for example, was a scanning CRT display system that used a glass envelope to seal out the ...

The vast majority of modern microelectronic devices rely on carriers within semiconductors due to their integrability. Therefore, the performance of these devices is limited due to natural semiconductor properties such as band gap and electron velocity. Replacing the semiconductor channel in conventional microelectronic devices with a gas or vacuum channel may scale their speed, wavelength and ...

Hybrid 3D printing is a new method for producing soft electronics that combines direct ink writing of conductive and dielectric elastomeric materials with automated pick-and-place of surface mount electronic components within an integrated additive manufacturing platform. Using this approach, insulating matrix and conductive electrode inks are directly printed in specific layouts. Passive and a...

Devices in which a controlled flow of electrons can be obtained are the basic building blocks of all the electronic circuits. Before the discovery of transistor in 1948, such devices were mostly vacuum tubes (also called valves) like the vacuum diode which has two electrodes, viz., anode (often called plate) and cathode; triode which has three electrodes – cathode, plate and grid; tetrode and p...

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possessing many unique features have been utilized in several fields recent years. However, their application field emission (FE) vacuum electronic device is hindered by poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a novel conductive MOF of Cu-catecholate (Cu-CAT) with the nanorod length 200 nm and conductivity 0.01 S/cm grown on graphite paper (GP). Under an applied el...