Can legislatures effectively check unilateral executive power? One prominent and counterintuitive finding in previous work is that executives pursue unilateral strategies less often under divided government. We consider how legislatures’ ability to retaliate against executives influences unilateralism under inter-branch conflict, arguing that it is conditional on the policymaking capacity of le...

ABSTRACT The international economic regime has entered a new phase of reassertion sovereignty by States. While States continue to show respect for the values (economic) law, institutionalization these devolved from (to regional) domestic level governance. A form ‘unilateral law’ is thus gaining importance in development and laws institutions. However, it remains largely understudied. This artic...

The system of international law has entered a new phase reassertion. To progress domestic and law, kind “unilateralism” is becoming more critical. In the context economic this article discusses development importance Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as unilateral law. introduced form particular area like special zone, which will be perfect example demonstrating unilateralism under one...

One of the longstanding questions in international economics is how to get a country with an economy mired in import protection to one characterized by free trade. Reciprocity and unilateralism are the two most popular answers that economists propose. Unilateralism, or “going alone” with trade liberalization, is the standard policy prescription for a small country that, by definition, cannot af...

Abstract Presidents select from a range of instruments when creating new policies through executive action. We study strategic substitution in this context and argue that presidents use less visible means unilateral Congress is likely to scrutinize presidential Using data on orders issued between 1946 2020, we report two main findings. First, analyzing presidents’ choice instruments, show are m...