Observations pertaining to particular stages of the lithic chaı̂ne opératoire, or reconstructions of the entire operational sequence at a particular site, can be used to develop a detailed understanding of past human cognitive capabilities, technological sophistication, mobility, and land use. The ‘‘reduction sequence’’ is a specific stage of the chaı̂ne opératoire that many archaeologists have a...

Archaeologists are increasingly in need of quantitative measures of stone artefact retouch. Existing techniques fail to provide a generic measure of retouching for all chipped stone artefacts. A fast and reliable index is proposed which measures retouch in terms of the invasiveness of flake scars on the surfaces of complete stone artefacts. Unlike other measures, the index of invasiveness is we...

Based on Gibbs-Duhem law and using UNIFAC-FV computer algorithm, the activity of polymer component in polymer-solvent systems is determined. The variation of activity of components with concentration at different temperatures are used to find the equilibrium concentration, UCST, and LCST for the systems. Also by generalization of the method, Gel-Liquid equilibrium is studied in some three c...

The Haemodoraceae is a relatively small family of monocotyledons. The most recent treatment by GEERINCK (1969) circumscribed the family as composed of rhizomatous, often sto loniferou s, scapose to subscapose herbs with basal, equitant, "Iris-like" leaves which are basally sheathing and distally unifacial by longitudinal folding and fusion. The inflorescence is terminal and usually branched and...

T volume includes papers from a conference held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research in 2010. The aim of the conference was to examine the histories of populations on the African continent through the use of a variety of data sets—archaeology, genetics, paleoenvironments, and paleontology—to reach a more nuanced understanding of hominin skeletal and behavioral evolution, how po...

Septal nectary anatomy of members of the Haemodoraceae is described, with emphasis on nectary number and relative position within the ovary. Three types of septal nectaries are defined: infralocular, interlocular, and supralocular. The phylogenetic and possible adaptive significance of these features are assessed by adding the data to a previous cladistic analysis of the Haemodoraceae and consi...