according to research, between 15 to 20 percent of the total energy consumption of every country is used for residential spaces. this amount is explanatory of the high cost and will follow the destruction of natural resources and environmental demolition. the aim of this research is to recognize earth thermal ability and its usage in public buildings and especially in private buildings in order...

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their workin...

the increasing rate of urbanization and rate of population growth over the 20th century has led to various problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of open and green spaces that have affected the cities and their citizen's life. this condition has led to increasing demands for more land use, homes, and work places, more public transport and mass transit systems and mode...

According to research, between 15 to 20 percent of the total energy consumption of every country is used for residential spaces. This amount is explanatory of the high cost and will follow the destruction of natural resources and environmental demolition. The aim of this research is to recognize earth thermal ability and its usage in public buildings and especially in private buildings in order...

The increasing rate of urbanization and rate of population growth over the 20th century has led to various problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of open and green spaces that have affected the cities and their citizen's life. This condition has led to increasing demands for more land use, homes, and work places, more public transport and mass transit systems and modern in...

Experiencing a city is different from panning over a map. Maps are powerful abstractions that cannot cover all aspects in dense and complex urban spaces where a lot of buildup, overlap, tunneling, underground and overground transportation is situated. In exploring such urban spaces, we explore the full dimensionality the city has to offer. This is an issue of both an added elevation dimension a...

Extreme rainfall causes surface runoff to flow towards lowlands and subterranean facilities, such as subway stations and buildings with underground spaces in densely packed urban areas. These facilities and areas are therefore vulnerable to catastrophic submergence. However, flood modeling of underground space has not yet been adequately studied because there are difficulties in reproducing the...