The influence of pro-eutectoid cementite on fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated using various pearlitic steels containing from 0.64 to 1.21 mass%C. rates the hypo-eutectoid and eutectoid hardly changed, while that mass%C steel having a large amount (θ) accelerated especially in high stress intensity factor region. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed fracture surfa...

Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

The insitu mass spectrometry detection of volatile species during high temperature corrosion processes, exemplified by decarburisation of plain carbon steel, will be presented. Without influencing the thermobalance signal, changes of the gas composition can be measured by introducing a small quartz capillary into the reaction chamber in close proximity to the sample surface. Experiments with th...

The effect of an addition of 0.37 Wt % Won the overall transformation rate of the austenitepearlite reaction in a eutectoid steel is examined. Pearlite growth rates and interlamerllar spacing are measured as a function of transformation temperatures. Tungesten raises the Ael temperature, for most transformation temperatures, decreases the overall reaction rate, the growth rate and the interlame...

Pearlite is a lamellar product of eutectoid decomposition, which may form in steels and non-ferrous alloys during transformations under isothermal or continuous-cooling (1,2). A pearlite nodule is composed of multiple colonies; each colony has parallel lamellae, which are orientated differently with respect to lamellae in adjacent colonies. This also exhibits a wide range of interlamellar spaci...

Microneedles (MNs) have been shown to enhance the penetration depths of microparticles delivered by gene gun. This study aims to investigate the penetration of model microparticle materials, namely, tungsten (<1 μm diameter) and stainless steel (18 and 30 μm diameters) into a skin mimicking agarose gel to determine the effects of particle characteristics (mainly particle size). A number of expe...

It is important to realize the transformation behavior of wüstite because it greatly affects the final structure of the oxide layer and the surface quality of the steel products. In the present study, the transformation behaviors of the wüstite layer are examined under nearly-oxygen-free conditions, to simulate the cooling processes after the hot rolled strip is coiled. As the single phase wüst...

Generally a simple power law ~ = K E" (where K and n are empirical constants called the strength coefficient and the work hardening coefficient respectively) is used to describe plastic stress-strain dependence of deformable metals (1,2). This equation was employed by Low (3) to describe the uniaxial tensile behavior of an annealed 70/30 brass. The slope of the corresponding double logarithmic ...

driver (Figure 1), is made from stainless steel and is used to hold a suturing needle during surgical procedures. To maintain a firm grip on the needle, the jaws have textured patterns either etched directly on the stainless steel or on a replaceable tungsten carbide insert, which grips the suture needle more precisely and wears out much slower than stainless steel. Needle holders with tungsten...

Riveting tasks in aircraft manufacturing results in exposure to vibration from both rivet guns and bucking bars. Long term exposure to vibration has been associated with symptoms of vibration white finger and musculoskeletal disorders. Four different bucking bars of the same shape but different material and mass characteristics (90% tungsten, >90% tungsten, cold rolled and stainless steel) were...