Plasmid pGNB1 was isolated from bacteria residing in the activated sludge compartment of a wastewater treatment plant by using a transformation-based approach. This 60-kb plasmid confers resistance to the triphenylmethane dye crystal violet and enables its host bacterium to decolorize crystal violet. Partial sequencing of pGNB1 revealed that its backbone is very similar to that of previously se...

Intestinal microfloras from human, rat, mouse, and monkey fecal samples and 14 pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria representative of those found in the human gastrointestinal tract metabolized the triphenylmethane dye malachite green to leucomalachite green. The reduction of malachite green to the leuco derivative suggests that intestinal microflora could play an important role in the metabolic...

We purified to homogeneity an enzyme from Citrobacter sp. strain KCTC 18061P capable of decolorizing triphenylmethane dyes. The native form of the enzyme was identified as a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of about 31 kDa. It catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of triphenylmethane dyes, with remarkable substrate specificity related to dye structure. Maximal enzyme activity occurred a...

The enzyme triphenylmethane reductase (TMR) reduces toxic triphenylmethane dyes into colorless, nontoxic derivatives, and TMR-producing microorganisms have been proposed as bioremediation tools. Analysis of the genome of Listeria monocytogenes H7858 (1998-1999 hot dog outbreak) revealed that the plasmid (pLM80) of this strain harboring a gene cassette (bcrABC) conferring resistance to benzalkon...

;1 study of the metabolism of triphenylmethane and triphenylcarbinol in the rabbit indicates that the major urinary metabolite of these two compounds is the corresponding glucuronide. When 1 gm of triphenylmethane is fed to rabbits, approximately 357; of the dose is excreted unchanged in the feces, 45-55”,‘, is excreted in the urine as a glucuronide, and a small amount is converted to 4-hydroxy...

The project report entitled, “ Charge Transfer Comlexes of drugs with  acceptors” is divided into two parts. Part-I deals with the spectrophotometric studies of molecular complexes of drugs with TCNE and Paraquat and Part II deals with Ion-pair charge transfer complexes of drugs with acidic triphenylmethane dyes. Each part is further divided into 1) Introduction 2) Experimental and 3) Results ...

The application of toxic triphenylmethane dyes such as crystal violet (CV) in various industrial processes leads to large amounts of dye-contaminated sludges that need to be detoxified. Specific bacteria residing in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are able to degrade triphenylmethane dyes. The objective of this work was to gain insights into the genetic background of bacterial strains capab...

β-Arrestins regulate G protein-coupled receptor signaling as competitive inhibitors and protein adaptors. Low molecular weight biased ligands that bind receptors and discriminate between the G protein dependent arm and β-arrestin, clathrin-associated arm of receptor signaling are considered therapeutically valuable as a result of this distinctive pharmacological behavior. Other than receptor ag...

The selective bacteriostatic effect of triphenylmethane dyes has long been known. It has been found by several authors (Churchman, 1928, and others) that these dyes used in gram staining also inhibit the growth of the grampositive microorganisms. The relations between bacteriostatic power and chemical structure of these dyes were studied by Browning and Gilmour (1913), Kligler (1918), Fairbroth...