In this paper, we provide theoretical justification for the application of higher degree fuzzy transform in time series analysis. Under the assumption that a time series can be additively decomposed into a trend-cycle, a seasonal component and a random noise, we demonstrate that the higher degree fuzzy transform technique can be used for the estimation of the trend-cycle, which is one of the ba...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate short-term effects of publishing revised lower risk national drinking guidelines on related awareness and knowledge. To examine where drinkers heard about guidelines over the same period. DESIGN Trend analysis of the Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly repeat cross-sectional national survey. SETTING England, November 2015 to May 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 845 adu...

Penalized splines are widespread tools for the estimation of trend and cycle, since they allow a data driven estimation of the penalization parameter by the incorporation into a linear mixed model. Based on the equivalence of penalized splines and the Hodrick-Prescott filter, this paper connects the mixed model framework of penalized splines to the WienerKolmogorov filter. In the case that tren...

introduction: studying the hydrological cycle, especially in large scales such as water catchments, is difficult and complicated despite the fact that the numbers of hydrological components are limited. this complexity rises from complex interactions between hydrological components and environment. recognition, determination and modeling of all interactive processes are needed to address this i...

The problem of trend estimation in econometrics has had a long history, and the techniques which can be deployed have been evolving gradually over many years. The forces of evolution have been twofold. On one hand is the gradual improvement in statistical and computational techniques which has been accompanied by improvements in the processing power of computers and in the accessibility of soft...