human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease inhibitors comprise an important class of drugs used in hiv treatments. however, mutations of protease genes accelerated by low fidelity of reverse transcriptase yield drug resistant mutants of reduced affinities for the inhibitors. this problem is considered to be a serious barrier against hiv treatment for the foreseeable future. in this st...

background: pentavalent antimonials are still the first choice treatment for leishmaniasis, but with low efficacy and resistance is emerging. in the present study, the effect of meglumine antimoniate (ma, glucantime) combined with paromomy-cin, miltefosine or allopurinol on in vitro susceptibility of leishmania tropica resistant isolate was evaluated. method : the drugs were obtained from comme...

a series of tialon coatings were synthesized in a gaseous mixture of argon, nitrogen and oxygen by cathodic arc evaporation method using a ti–al mosaic target. oxidation of coatings was carried out by heating the coated samples at the temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800°c for 1 h in air atmosphere. it was found that heat treatment changed the microstructure and composition of the coating. th...

deep cryogenic heat treatment is assumed as a supplementary heat treatment performed on steels before the finaltempering treatment to enhance the wear resistance and hardness of the steels. in this study, the effects of thedeep cryogenic heat treatment on the wear behavior and corrosion resistance of the 1.2080 tool steel were studiedusing the wear testing machine and polarization and impedance...

objective: the present study was carried out to determine the most potent available antimicrobials in the treatment of pathogens of reproductive health importance in nigeria. material and methods: using the agar disc-diffusion and modified agar well-diffusion methods, bacterial and fungal pathogens obtained from clinical specimens of female patients presenting at the university college hospital...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate routine use of antimicrobial drugs for treatment and prevention of cholera with special regards to the evolution of the antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of V. cholerae strains. DESIGN Retrospective population-based descriptive study. SUBJECTS Four thousand nine hundred and forty one notified cholera cases, their 15,381 patients' guards and their 159,263 househol...

Non-penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated at St Mary's Hospital, London were examined for the prevalence of resistance to penicillin and for decreased susceptibility to cefuroxime. Of the 941 non-PPNG tested 100 (10.6%) were resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, greater than or equal to 1 mg/l) and were considered to be chromosomally-resistant N gonorr...