The small GTPase Rab5 regulates the early endocytic pathway of transferrin (Tfn), and Rab5 deactivation is required for Tfn recycling. Rab5 deactivation is achieved by RabGAP5, a GTPase-activating protein, on the endosomes. Here we report that recruitment of RabGAP5 is insufficient to deactivate Rab5 and that developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) is required for Rab5 deactivati...

ClC-4 is closely related to ClC-5, a member of the ClC family of transporters and channels. Unlike ClC-5, for which a role in the regulation of endosomal function was well established, the cellular function of ClC-4 was uncertain. In the present study, we tested for a specific role for ClC-4 in recycling endosomes by comparing transferrin (Tfn) receptor function in primary cell lines generated ...

The conjugation of anti-cancer drugs to endogenous ligands has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance their pharmacological selectivity and delivery towards neoplasic tissues. Since cell proliferation has a strong requirement for iron, cancer cells express high levels of transferrin receptors (TfnR), making its ligand, transferrin (Tfn), of great interest as a delivery agent for therapeu...

To get a better fit performance of filtering facepieces, a tight fitting net (TFN) was invented. This study was carried out to evaluate whether the TFN improves fit performance using a quantitative fit test (QNFT). The existing mask was of cup type with an aluminum clip on the nose bridge. The TFN mask was the same as the existing mask, but attached a TFN instead of aluminum clip. One hundred s...

During receptor mediated endocytosis, at least a fraction of recycling cargo typically accumulates in a pericentriolar cluster of tubules and vesicles. However, it is not clear if these endosomal structures are biochemically distinct from the early endosomes from which they are derived. To better characterize this pericentriolar endosome population, we determined the distribution of two endogen...

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] regulates endocytic trafficking and the sorting of receptors through early endosomes, including the rapid recycling of transferrin (Tfn). However, the phosphoinositide phosphatase that selectively opposes this function is unknown. The myotubularins are a family of eight catalytically active and six inactive enzymes that hydrolyse PtdIns(3)P to form ...

In this paper we introduce a new sequential sampling plan based on sequential probability ratio test for fuzzy hypotheses testing. In order to deal with uncertainty happened, the triangular fuzzy number (TFN) is used to express the fuzzy phenomenon of the sampling plan’s parameters. In this plan the acceptable quality level (AQL) and the lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) are TFN. For such ...

The number of failures plays an important factor in the study maintenance strategy a manufacturing system. In real situation, this is often affected by some uncertainties. Many uncertainties fall into possibilistic uncertainty, which are different from probabilistic uncertainty. This uncertainty commonly modeled applying fuzzy theoretical framework. paper aims to compute for system has Weibull ...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 186 No. 2 269–282 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200901021 JCB 269 Correspondence to Michael J. Caplan: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: BG, benzylguanine; CHX, cycloheximide; E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor; PGTI, postGolgi transport intermediate; PM, plasma membrane; RE...