The study of culture in international relations theories takes a wide range of complex issues, which without enough perception about these issues, certainly our understanding about the role of culture in international relations theories will be incomplete. Since in real world the study of international affairs is best understood as traditional competition between traditional mainstream theories...

Many theories have been proposed for answering two questions on aging: “Why do we age?” and “How do we age?” Among them, evolutionary theories are made for interpreting the evolutionary advantage of aging, and “saving resources for group benefit” is thought to be the purpose of aging. However for saving resources, a more economic strategy should be to make the individuals over reproduction age ...

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique, complete medical system arising from a living tradition of literate scholarship that spans at least 2,000 years. Well structured and resting upon a solid, coherent theoretical basis, TCM provides an integral framework for understanding, interpreting, and organizing interventions in the human health-disease process. Over the course of its long hist...

The theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) originated from experiences doctors had with patients in ancient times. We ask the question whether aspects of TCM theories can be reconstructed through data analysis. To answer the question, we have developed a data analysis method called latent tree models and have used it to analyze several TCM data sets. This paper reports the results we ob...

traditional medicines, according to the world health organization, are defined as “the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the beliefs, theories, and experiences indigenous to different cultures that are based and developed historically. due to the increasing uses of traditional medicines worldwide, it seems that cognition of their principles and foundations are necessary....