this study aims to minimize the total cost of a four-echelon supply chain including suppliers, an assembler, distributers, and retailers. the total cost consists of purchasing raw materials from the suppliers by the assembler, assembling the final product, materials transportation from the suppliers to the assembler, product transportation from the assembler to the distributors, product transpo...

With the increasing complexities in supply chains and increasing global trade, integrated supply chain network design is utilized by the firms in order to reduce the overall cost while meeting the customer demand with requisite levels of service. This view of collaborative approach towards supply chain design has the potential of providing competitive edge for the firms in a highly competitive ...

In today’s globalization, the success of an industry is dependent on cost effective supply chain management under various markets, logistics and production uncertainties. Uncertainties in the supply chain usually decrease profit, i.e. increase total supply chain cost. Demand uncertainty and constraints posed by the every echelon are important factors to be considered in the supply chain design ...

Joint managed inventory is an advanced supply chain inventory management tool, which will effectively tackle the complicated problem between the inventory cost of supply chain and service level. The research on inventory model and its’ control under JMI environment is a hot issue at present. In this paper, the authors deeply discuss the question of the inventory time costs about the multi-produ...

Managing income is a considerable dimension in supply chain management in current economic atmosphere. Real world situation makes it inevitable not to design or redesign supply chain. Redesign will take place as costs increase or new services for customers’ new demands should be provided. Pricing is an important fragment of Supply chain due to two reasons: first, represents revenue based ...

This paper studies a two-echelon supply chain with stochastic and discrete consumer demand, batch order quantities, periodic inventory review, and deterministic transportation times. Reorder point policies manage inventories at every location. Average inventory, backorders and fill rates are evaluated exactly for each location. Safety stock is evaluated exactly at the lower echelon and a good a...

In this paper, an inventory management framework and deterministic costs models within the context of this framework are structured for effective supply chain under deterministic and fuzzy environment. In this regard, we propose a bi-echelon multi-product supply chain in which a central manufacturing firm (lower echelon) with warehouse space limitation is fed through different suppliers (upper ...

Takamichi 2009. Altruistic behaviour in a two-echelon supply chain with unmatched proportional feedback controllers. Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher's v...

We study a two echelon supply chain with AR(1) demand and unit replenishment lead-times. Each echelon of the supply chain uses conditional expectation to generate MMSE forecasts. Both echelons use these forecasts inside the “Order-Up-To” policy to generate replenishment orders. We investigate 3 different scenarios: The first is when each echelon aims to minimize their own inventory holding and ...

Nowadays, customer expectations are increasing and organizations are prone to operate in an uncertain environment. Under this uncertain environment, the ultimate success of the firm depends on its ability to integrate business processes among supply chain partners. Supply chain management emphasizes cross-functional links to improve the competitive strategy of organizations. Now, companies are ...