the effect of membrane molecular weight cut off (mwco) at three levels (10, 20 & 50 kd) on dynamic behavior of permeate flux (jp), hydraulic resistances (total hydraulic resistance, rt; reversible fouling resistance, rrf; irreversible fouling resistance, rif and membrane hydraulic resistance, rm) and milk solutes rejection (protein, rp; fat, rf; lactose, rl; minerals, rm and total solids, r...

a neuro-fuzzy modeling tool (anfis) has been used to dynamically model cross flow ultrafiltration of milk. it aims to predict permeate flux and total hydraulic resistance as a function of transmembrane pressure, ph, temperature, fat, molecular weight cut off, and processing time. dynamic modeling of ultrafiltration performance of colloidal systems (such as milk) is very important for designing ...

The effect of membrane molecular weight cut off (MWCO) at three levels (10, 20 & 50 kD) on dynamic behavior of permeate flux (JP), hydraulic resistances (total hydraulic resistance, RT; reversible fouling resistance, Rrf; irreversible fouling resistance, Rif and membrane hydraulic resistance, Rm) and milk solutes rejection (protein, R<s...

The model of West, Brown and Enquist showed that total hydraulic resistance in trees can be independent of path length, provided that vascular conduits taper sufficiently. This model assumes that the tree branch network is volume-filling, so that segment lengths increase exponentially from tree top to base. We show that partial buffering of hydraulic resistance from path-length effects can occu...

In this work, different kinetic patterns (homographic, exponential-linear and exponential) of hydraulic resistance in ultrafltration process of a colloidal system have been investigated. Exponential kinetic model, as the best approach, was employed for description of dynamic hydraulic resistance of skim milk ultrafltration at different feed flow rates (FR) (10, 30 and 46 L...

Changes in root hydraulic resistance in response to alterations in nitrate supply were explored in detail as a potential mechanism that allows plants to respond rapidly to changes in their environment. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. Holiday) plants grown hydroponically with limited nitrate availability (200 micromol l(-1)) served as our model system. Experimental plants were 6-9-weeks-old wit...

Efficient water resource management in relation to water use and crop yields is premised on the knowledge of plant resistance to water flow. However, such studies are limited and for most crops, the within plant resistance to water flow remains largely unknown. In this study, within plant resistance to water transport (hydraulic conductance) was monitored in tomato (Lycopersicum esculuntum) and...

Leaves constitute a substantial fraction of the total resistance to water flow through plants. A key question is how hydraulic resistance within the leaf is distributed among petiole, major veins, minor veins, and the pathways downstream of the veins. We partitioned the leaf hydraulic resistance (R(leaf)) for sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red oak (Quercus rubra) by measuring the resistance t...