Objective: Mashhad metropolis as the second largest religioncity in the world and the second largest metropolis of Iran with an annual 3 million pilgrims have significant direct and indirect effects on the watershed leading to the city and surrounding over the past four decades. There is no collection system and sanitation disposal network in towns and villages within the Torghabeh River.  Meth...

Objective: Mashhad metropolis as the second largest religioncity in the world and the second largest metropolis of Iran with an annual 3 million pilgrims have significant direct and indirect effects on the watershed leading to the city and surrounding over the past four decades. There is no collection system and sanitation disposal network in towns and villages within the Torghabeh River.  Meth...

objective: mashhad metropolis as the second largest religioncity in the world and the second largest metropolis of iran with an annual 3 million pilgrims have significant direct and indirect effects on the watershed leading to the city and surrounding over the past four decades. there is no collection system and sanitation disposal network in towns and villages within the torghabeh river.  meth...

or as the ends of a boiv are drawn together." They have a legend that it visits the country every thirty years. The epidemic arrived in Bhamo in June last, having travelled up the Irrawaddy Yalley starting in Rangoon in May and visiting Mandalay during the early part of June. It is interesting to note this following of the important trade route. It is not unlikely that the epidemic originated f...

the prevalenee of intestinal helminths was determined by stool examination of the inhabitants of two mountainous areas in the northeast (torghabeh) and northwest (8asmenge) of iran. all members of 20% of the families from 10 villages of torghabeh amounting to 18 i 2 persons, and 10% of families from 23 villages of basmenge to 10 i 7 individuals were chosen by stratified sampling method and were...

DING WANG,∗†† XIANFENG ZHANG,∗ KEXIONG WANG,∗ ZHUO WEI,∗ BERND WÜRSIG,† GILLIAN T. BRAULIK,‡ AND SUSIE ELLIS§ ∗Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China †Texas A&M University, 4700 Avenue U, Building 303, Galveston, TX 77551, U.S.A. ‡Downstream Research Group, 3950 S. Fletcher Avenue, Amelia Island, FL 32034, U.S.A. §Conservation International, 1919 M Street, S...

In Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is predominantly identified and managed through passive health surveillance. Here, the proactive use of environmental datasets to improve community-scale public health interventions in southeastern Tasmania is explored. Known environmental drivers (temperature, rainfall, tide) of the RRV vector Aedes camptorhynchus are analysed against cumulative case record...