Removal of terminal buds (topping) and control of the formation of axillary shoots (suckers) are common agronomic practices that significantly impact the yield and quality of various crop plants. Application of chemicals (suckercides) to plants following topping is an effective method for sucker control. However, our current knowledge of the influence of topping, and subsequent suckercide appli...

Topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. In order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide content on tobacco leaf, a factorial experiment on the basis of RCB design with 3 replications was conducted in 2011 at the Tobacco Research Farm of Isfahan. Treatments were including topping time (T1: t...

The process of topping elicits many responses in the tobacco plant, including an increase in nicotine biosynthesis, and the secondary growth of roots. Some topping responsive miRNAs and genes have been identified in our previous study, but the mechanism of the tobacco response to topping has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, topping responsive proteins isolated from tobacco roots we...

Production costs could be substantially reduced if the height of fruit trees could be lowered enough to eliminate the need for, or reliance upon, ladders in the orchard. Recent research demonstrates that high yields can be obtained on shorter trees with appropriate management techniques, but vigor control can be a problem. In 2004, selected rows of ‘Arctic Star’ nectarine trees growing in the D...

one of the most important practices in flue-cured tobacco farming is topping and sucker control at the right time. topping cause's development and root growth, drought tolerance, reduce deployment pests, increased synthesis of nicotine. this study was conducted in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with 10 treatments in 3 replications over two years (2008-2009) at tirtash research and educ...

Topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. In order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide content on tobacco leaf, a factorial experiment on the basis of RCB design with 3 replications was conducted in 2011 at the Tobacco Research Farm of Isfahan. Treatments were including topping time (T1: t...

BACKGROUND Topping is an important cultivating measure for flue-cured tobacco, and many genes had been found to be differentially expressed in response to topping. But it is still unclear how these genes are regulated. MiRNAs play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, so we sequenced two sRNA libraries from tobacco roots before and after topping, with a view to exploring tran...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Topping-off technique in preventing the aggravation of degeneration caused by adjacent segment fusion. METHODS Clinical parameters of patients who underwent L5-S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion + interspinous process at L4-L5 (PLIF + ISP) with the Wallis system (Topping-off group) were compared retrospectively with those of patien...

The "topping-off" technique is a new concept applying dynamic or less rigid fixation such as hybrid stabilization device (HSD) or interspinous process device (IPD) for the purpose of avoiding adjacent segment disease (ASD) proximal to the fusion construct. A systematic review of the literature was performed on the effect of topping-off techniques to prevent or decrease the occurrence of ASD aft...

D. O. Topping, G. B. McFiggans, and H. Coe School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, The Sackville street building, Sackville street, Manchester M60 1QD, UK Received: 17 November 2004 – Accepted: 6 December 2004 – Published: 23 December 2004 Correspondence to: D. O. Topping ([email protected]) © 2004 Author(s). This work is lice...