A society ́s health depends on the access to proper and hygiene sanitation. Half of the population still do not have access to proper sanitation in Nepal; therefore government and non-government organizations are facilitating sanitation access to all the population. Decades ago, open defecation and pit latrines toilet were the only options as sanitation system to the people. But now, various typ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and age at onset of hiding while defecating in children before they have been toilet trained and its association with difficulties in toilet training. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Suburban private pediatric practice. Subjects Three hundred seventy-eight children aged 17 to 19 months. METHODS Children were followed up by telephone interviews with the...

Toilet training is a developmental task that impacts families with small children. All healthy children are eventually toilet trained, and most complete the task without medical intervention. Most research on toilet training is descriptive, although some is evidence based. In the United States, the average age at which training begins has increased over the past four decades from earlier than 1...

To determine toilet training age and the factors influencing this in our country, 1500 children who had completed toilet training were evaluated in a multicenter study. The mean age of toilet training was 22.32 ± 6.57 months. The duration it took to complete toilet training was 6.60 ± 2.20 months on the average. In univariant analysis, toilet training age increased as the parental education lev...

BACKGROUND From our experience the toilet paper is folded in the bathrooms in rooms in branded hotels. We aimed to study the total time yearly spent in the world on folding hotel toilet paper. METHOD Three investigators clocked 60 folding toilet paper events and calculated the mean time. The mean folding time was 5.73 s (interquartile range 4.50-6.56). Using the calculated extra time it takes...

OBJECTIVES Children with Down syndrome have delayed psychomotor development, which is a factor that influences the level of difficulty in toilet training. The current study aims to estimate the age toilet training starts and completes in children with DS compared to children with normal psychomotor development and to evaluate the method and type of toilet training most frequently used, as well ...

Contemporary toilet training derives from two accepted models: child-oriented gradual training and structured-behavioral, endpointoriented training. The former approach views toilet training as a process by which a parent systematically responds to a child’s signals of toilet “readiness,” whereas the latter views toilet training as a process of eliciting a specific chain of independent toiletin...

Background: It is known that, for reasons of hygiene and/or anxiety, some first year primary school children actively choose to avoid going to the toilet whilst at school, while at the same time many young children’s primary care visits are due to urinary tract and bowel problems. By this age most children can recognise the bodily signals indicating the need for a toilet visit, and can independ...

© www.sarawickham.com This article first published 2005 Practising Midwife 8(3):44-45. Republished with permission for personal use only. Page numbers do not correspond to the original. Please do not reproduce/reprint without prior permission, thank you. If there is one thing that midwives tend to have in common, it is their love of talking about midwifery, sharing birth stories and collecting ...