abstract time domain reflectometry (tdr) is a widely used method for measuring the dielectric constant (ka) and bulk electrical conductivity (σa) in soils. the tdr-measured σa and ka can be used to calculate the soil solution electrical conductivity, (σp). a theoretical model describing a linear relationship between bulk electrical conductivity, σa, and dielectric constant, ka, in moist soil wa...

water is one of the most vital constituents in plants. in this research, for an estimation of leaf moisture content, the variation of capacitance was employed. the variations were measured via designed and manufactured capacitive sensors. the objective of the research was to estimate leaf moisture content by measuring its capacitance for five agronomic crops. experiments for measuring leaf capa...

We introduce a new class of time-continuous recurrent neural network models. Instead declaring learning system's dynamics by implicit nonlinearities, we construct networks linear first-order dynamical systems modulated via nonlinear interlinked gates. The resulting models represent with varying (i.e., liquid) time-constants coupled to their hidden state, outputs being computed numerical differe...