background:   many of the patients with tethered cord syndrome (tcs) are admitted because of neurological symptoms, while some are admitted because of their orthopedic, urologic, anorectal, and dermatologic manifestations.consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome on patient outcome. methods: fourty-three patients who und...

Background:   Many of the patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS) are admitted because of neurological symptoms, while some are admitted because of their orthopedic, urologic, anorectal, and dermatologic manifestations.Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome on patient outcome. Methods: Fourty-three patients who und...

Russell-Silver syndrome is a rare heterogeneous disorder mainly characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial disproportion, clinodactyly, variation in urogenital development, and skeletal asymmetry. It is rare to come across tethered cord-associated Russell-Silver syndrome. We report a rare case of Russell-Silver syndrome associated with low conus medullaris in a...

Primary tethered cord syndrome is defined as low placement of the spinal cord and thickened filum terminale with associated anomalies. This definition excludes anomalies concomitant with overt myelomeningocele and spinal cord tethering secondary to myelomeningocele repair. Embryologically, the primary tethered cord syndrome is an entirely different entity from overt myelomeningocele and associa...

Much remains to be learned about the embryology and pathophysiology of the "tethered cord syndrome." Of particular importance in tethered cord syndrome is spinal cord stretchability and its relation to resultant cord dysfunction. In this study, cord elongation was observed in fresh fetuses and in animals by applying weights or forceps traction at the conus medullariscauda equina region. The res...

CASE SUMMARY Two castrated male cats, aged 8 months old (case 1) and 10 months old (case 2), showed a history of progressive paraparesis, an over-reaching pelvic limb gait, urinary incontinence and a palpable dermoid fistula. In case 1, the fistula was connected to the dural sac on the conus medullaris, and the tethered spinal cord was retracted caudally. In case 2, the tubular structure was co...

Tethered cord syndrome is a clinical phenomenon resulting from anatomic restriction of the normal movement of the spinal cord or vascular compromise leading to hypoxia of its distal structures. Tethering can be acquired (secondary) or congenital (primary). This article presents the relevant embryology, primary and secondary causes of tethering, clinical presentations, the treatment of specific ...

? Multiple Choice Questions Section The Neurosciences Journal includes this section of multiple choice questions as part of its commitment to continuous education and learning in Neurosciences. Experts in various neuroscience specialties are invited to participate with their knowledge and expertise in this section. Neurology, neurosurgery, and other board residents are encouraged to read this s...