OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the associations of testosterones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We defined metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Among men aged >or=20 years who ...

Aromatase is an enzyme that converts testosterones to estrogens. Inhibition of this enzyme has been shown to have several clinical utilities in breast cancer. Currently, there are three aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in clinical use, namely anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane. AIs have been used in various clinical settings for breast cancer, ranging from chemoprevention in breast cancer to trea...

Klopman described the chemical reaction of metal ions and base in term softness, E‡n E‡m, respectively. By simple modification known methods, Singh et al. made it applicable for neutral Lewis acids (transition salts) bases (organic molecules) also extended its application to biological systems site selectivity explain mechanism (markovnikov anti-markovnikov rule), ligand-receptor interaction te...

Steroids are widespread in nature and are important compounds present in living systems. These compounds include different sterols, bile salts and steroid hormones like estrogen, androgens, testosterones etc. and have numerous therapeutic applications. Microbial biotransformation of steroids is one of the applications of microorganisms in the large-scale industries and it also have certain adva...

background: ginger rhizome (zingiber officinale r., family: zingiberaceae) is used medicinally and as a culinary spice. objective: medicinal use of ginger dates back to ancient china and india. ginger and its constituents are stated to have antiemetic, antithrombotic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, cholagogue and antioxidant. it has been used since ancient time as medicinal and ...

The inclusion of hormones in social and personality psychology research offers researchers a powerful methodological tool, although careful consideration must be paid to the complex and dynamic biological systems that connect hormones to behavior. Testosterone has been clearly established as a biological fuel for dominance, although behavioral findings have been inconsistent and weak. We sugges...

Cryptorchism is one of the few well-described risk factors for testicular cancer. It has been suggested that both conditions are related to increased in utero estrogen exposure. The evidence supporting the "estrogen hypothesis" has been inconsistent, however. An alternative hypothesis suggests that higher in utero androgen exposure may protect against the development of cryptorchism and testicu...