testicular cancer typically spreads to the lymph nodes, but hematogenous dissemination to distant organs can also occur. bone metastasis is uncommon and is thought to be a poor prognostic indicator. jaw metastasis is exceedingly rare but is of great clinical significance, since it may be the first sign of an occult testicular cancer or the first evidence of relapse of a known tumor. herein, we ...

Background: Bilateral synchronous testis germ cell tumors with different histopathology are not common. Case Presentation: Here, a case of 27-year-old male who is reported presented with bilateral testicular swellings. There was a high α-fetoprotein level with bilateral lesions on scrotal USG. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed. According to pathology report, there was a right testicular semi...

objective: cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue should be considered as an important factor for fertility preservation in young boys with cancer. the objective of this study is to investigate whether immature testicular tissue of mice can be successfully cryopreserved using a simple vitrification procedure to maintain testicular cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation capac...

background: over recent decades a possible decrease in sperm quality and an increase in the incidence of testicular cancer have been reported in many populations. some recent findings, as cohort studies, showed an increased risk of testicular cancer in men with abnormal semen analysis. case: a 30 years old man referred to our clinic with chief compliant of infertility for 3 years. spermogram re...

background: spermatogonial stem cells (sscs), a subset of undifferentiated type a spermatogonia, are the foundation of complex process of spermatogenesis and could be propagated in vitro culture conditions for long time for germ cell transplantation and fertility preservation. objective: the aim of this study was in vitro propagation of human spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) and improvement of ...

testicular germ cell tumor (tgct) is the most solid tumor in 20-40 years old man. tgct account for 95% of testicular tumors and represent a unique type of human cancer from several different perspectives. tgct arise by transformation of germ cells. the transformed germ cells exhibit ploripotentially to differentiate into embryonic. extra-embryonic, and somatic tissue types, and are highly sensi...

OBJECTIVE Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and their histogenetic origin is not clear. We describe two cases presenting as primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumors without clinical evidence of testicular tumor. METHODS A 21 and 18 years-old patients presented retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor, respectively. In both cases, testicular palpation was not suspicious ...

Objectives: To evaluate lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD-1) as a tumor marker of germ cell tumors. Methods: A literature search included a CancerLit and Medline computer search of articles regarding germ cell tumors and LD-1 published between 1963 to 99 and a manual search of reference lists, theses, and textbooks. Forty articles, letters to the editor, and abstracts on testicular germ cel...

Testicular cancer represents approximately 1% of all cancers diagnosed in males. The prevalence of bilateral testicular germ cell tumor cases varies from 1% to 5%. Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is a precursor for almost all testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and is one of the highest risks of developing contralateral testicular cancer. The radical orchiectomy is still preferred for t...