Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a 35-kDa glycoprotein that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models of arthritis, acute myocardial infarction, and acute cerebral infarction. Several lines of evidence have shed light on the pathophysiological roles of TSG-6 in atherosclerosis. TSG-6 suppresses inflammatory responses of endothelial cells, neutrop...

Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a hyaluronan (HA)-binding protein that plays important roles in inflammation and ovulation. TSG-6-mediated cross-linking of HA has been proposed as a functional mechanism (e.g. for regulating leukocyte adhesion), but direct evidence for cross-linking is lacking, and we know very little about its impact on HA ultrastructure. Here we used films o...

Inflammation is an important factor contributing to developmental brain injury in preterm infants. Although tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) has immunomodulatory effects in several inflammatory conditions of adult animals, nothing is currently known about the role of TSG-6 in the developing brain, its impact on perinatal inflammation and its therapeutic potential. The aim ...

PURPOSE To investigate the role of anti-inflammatory TSG-6 in controlling MMP-1 and MMP-3, which have been shown to be upregulated in conjunctivochalasis (CCh). METHODS Immunostaining of TSG-6 was compared between normal and CCh conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. Second cultures of normal and CCh fibroblasts were transfected with or without TSG-6 siRNA and then with or without the addition of T...

TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) is activated in a variety of cell types by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-1. The TSG-6 gene encodes a secreted 35 kDa glycoprotein abundant in synovial fluids of patients with various forms of arthritis and detectable in sera of patients with different inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. TSGB protein consists of two structural domains. The N-terminal ...

Objective(s):We investigated the relationship between the expression of tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6) with inflammation and integrity of the bladder epithelium in the bladder tissues of patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and the mechanism of action using a rat model of BPS/IC.   Materials and Methods: Expression of TSG-6 and uroplakin III was det...

TSG-6 (the protein product of TNF-stimulated gene-6), an inflammation-associated protein, forms covalent complexes with heavy chains (HCs) from inter-alpha-inhibitor and pre-alpha-inhibitor and associates noncovalently with their common bikunin chain, potentiating the antiplasmin activity of this serine protease inhibitor. We show that TSG-6 and TSG-6.HC complexes are present in bronchoalveolar...

The inflammation-associated protein TSG-6 (the product of tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6) can form covalent complexes with the heavy chains (HC1 and HC2) of IαI (inter-α-inhibitor); namely, TSG-6·HC1 and TSG-6·HC2, which act as intermediates in the covalent transfer of HCs on to the GAG (glycosaminoglycan) HA (hyaluronan). HC·HA, which is formed for example in the synovial fluids of a...

TSG-6 is an inflammation-induced protein that is produced at pathological sites, including arthritic joints. In animal models of arthritis, TSG-6 protects against joint damage; this has been attributed to its inhibitory effects on neutrophil migration and plasmin activity. Here we investigated whether TSG-6 can directly influence bone erosion. Our data reveal that TSG-6 inhibits RANKL-induced o...