the thioredoxin system, comprising thioredoxin (trx), thioredoxin reductase (trxr) and nadph, is one of the major cellular antioxidant systems, implicated in a large and growing number of biological functions. trx acts as an oxidoreductase via a highly conserved dithiol/disulfide motif located in the active site ( trp-cys-gly-pro- cys-lys-). different factors are involved in the regulation of t...

Chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutathione function as redox messengers in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this work, the roles of chloroplast TRXs in brassinosteroids (BRs)-induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis and CO2 assimilation were studied in the leaves of tomato plants. BRs-deficient d (^im) plants showed decreased transcripts of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x, whil...

It has been shown that thioredoxin (Trx) in a reduced form binds to and inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Apoptotic stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ASK1 in part by oxidizing Trx (forming intramolecular disulfide between C32 and C35) to release Trx from ASK1. In the present study, we examined if Trx affects ASK1 protein s...

It has been shown that thioredoxin (Trx) in a reduced form binds to and inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Apoptotic stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ASK1 in part by oxidizing Trx (forming intramolecular disulfide between C32 and C35) to release Trx from ASK1. In the present study, we examined if Trx affects ASK1 protein s...

Chloroplastic m-type thioredoxins (TRX m) are essential redox regulators in the light regulation of photosynthetic metabolism. However, recent genetic studies have revealed novel functions for TRX m in meristem development, chloroplast morphology, cyclic electron flow, and tetrapyrrole synthesis. The focus of this study is on the putative role of TRX m1, TRX m2, and TRX m4 in the biogenesis of ...

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a widely distributed Mr 13,000 protein with a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the active site. The TRX system, consisting of TRX, TRX reductase, and NADPH, has an intracellular reducing capacity. Another reducing capacity, glutathione (GSH), can be associated with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (cDDP) resistance. Therefore, we examined the involvement of TRX in cDDP resistan...

AIMS Recent studies suggest that decreasing oxidative stress is crucial to achieve successful islet transplantation. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX), which is a multifunctional redox-active protein, has been reported to suppress oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TRX on early graft loss after islet transplan...

Thioredoxin (TRX) catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins via the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase system. Reducing the disulfide bonds of allergenic proteins in food by TRX lowers the allergenicity. We established in this study a method to prepare TRX-enriched extracts from the edible yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on a large and practical scale, with the objective of dev...

OBJECTIVE Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), one important antioxidative enzyme in endothelial cells, is required for apoptosis inhibition. Apoptosis induction is dependent on cytoskeletal changes, which depend on actin rearrangements. Therefore, we wanted to elucidate whether a physical interaction exists between Trx-1 and actin and what the functional consequences are. METHODS AND RESULTS Combined immu...

Chloroplastic thioredoxins f and m (TRX f and TRX m) mediate light regulation of carbon metabolism through the activation of Calvin cycle enzymes. The role of TRX f and m in the activation of Calvin cycle enzymes is best known among the TRX family. However, the discoveries of new potential targets extend the functions of chloroplastic TRXs to other processes in non-photosynthetic tissues. As oc...