Melioidosis is infection caused by the flagellated saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. TLR5 is a pathogen recognition receptor activated by bacterial flagellin. We studied a genetic variant that encodes a defective TLR5 protein, TLR5(1174C)>T, to elucidate the role of TLR5 in melioidosis. We measured NF-κB activation induced by B. pseudomallei in human embryonic kidney-293 cells transfected w...

AbstractToll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a sensor for bacterial flagellin, mounts innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been implicated in infectious diseases, colitis and metabolic syndromes. Although TLR5 is believed to belong to cell surface TLRs, cell surface expression has never been verified. Moreover, it has remained unclear which types of immune cells express TLR5 and contribute to ...

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a specific receptor for microbial flagellin and is one of the most well-known receptors in the TLR family. We reported previously that TLR5 signaling is well maintained during aging and that caveolin-1 may be involved in TLR5 signaling in aged macrophages through direct interactions. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether caveolin-1/TLR5 interactions affect...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 has been shown to maintain intestinal homeostasis and regulate host defense against enterobacterial infection. However, how TLR5 expression is regulated and its function in the intestine have not been fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), but not splenic DCs, express high levels of TLR5 protein. Alternatively spliced Tlr5 transcript...

Bacterial flagellin is important for intestinal immune homeostasis. Flagellins from most species activate Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). The principal bacterial food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni escapes TLR5 recognition, probably due to an alternate flagellin subunit structure. We investigated the molecular basis of TLR5 evasion by aiming to reconstitute TLR5 stimulating activity in live C...

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is overexpressed in several cancers and metastases, and presents an enticing target for molecular imaging of primary tumors. In the present study, 131I-anti-TLR5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was evaluated for its use as a novel radiotracer for imaging hepatocarcinoma in mice bearing H22 tumors. The expression of TLR5 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reactio...

The innate immune system plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Previous studies support the role of TLR2 and 4 in RA and experimental arthritis models; however, the regulation and pathogenic effect of TLR5 is undefined in RA. In this study, we show that TLR5 is elevated in RA and osteoarthritis ST lining and sublining macrophages and endothelial cells compared with ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and an important pathogen in patients with chronic lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The contribution of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to the innate immune response to this organism is incompletely understood. We exposed wild-type and TLR5-deficient (Tlr5(-/-)) mice to aerosolized P. aeruginosa at low...

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays a fundamental role in immune responses. Recent findings suggest the TLR5 expression level affects cancer progression and development. In the present study, our examination of 256 breast carcinomas specimens revealed that TLR5 is overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and that TLR5 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastasis and cancer grade (p<0.01). In a...

Flagellin is the major structural component of flagella expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and other bacteria. This protein has been shown to activate the Toll-like receptor TLR5 and the Nod-like receptor Nlrc4/Ipaf, culminating in the expression of innate cytokines and antimicrobial molecules. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TLR5 and Nlrc4 in combination are required for max...