integration and coherence within a city’s physical structure have become an issue for towns and cities as theyrapidly expand, incorporate new elements, and undergo incessant changes. at present, we are facing an extensive accumulation of signs and traits in modern urban patterns; many unaccustomed to and incongruous are affecting the socio-cultural and physical characters of cities. here, we wi...

In this paper we present a family of kernel functions, named Syntagmatic Kernels, which can be used to model syntagmatic relations. Syntagmatic relations hold among words that are typically collocated in a sequential order, and thus they can be acquired by analyzing word sequences. In particular, Syntagmatic Kernels are defined by applying a Word Sequence Kernel to the local contexts of the wor...

We propose an alternative method for Word Sense Disambiguation, based on the interaction between syntagmatic and paradigmatic information. The unit of the disambiguation process is taken to be an ambiguous occurrence integrated into a syntagmatic pattern. The strategy needs not a semantically annotated corpus, it supposes only a morphological analysis and chunking, does not make use of statisti...

In surah Al-Kahf verses 60-82, the term bahrain has a deeper connotation than its lexical sense. It is because passage linked to story of Musa and Khidr. The two prophets reflect several types knowledge that encompasses. This research aims examine uncover meaning word bahrain. study employed semiotic approach qualitative descriptive method. stages in analyzing data are isytiqaq kabir, syntagmat...

This paper presents a large-scale evaluation of bag-of-words distributional models on two datasets from priming experiments involving syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. We interpret the variation in performance achieved by different settings of the model parameters as an indication of which aspects of distributional patterns characterize these types of relations. Contrary to what has been ...

A new type of thesaurus for word processing is proposed. It comprises 7 semantic and 8 syntagmatic types of links between Russian words and collocations. The original version now includes ca. 76,000 basic dictionary entries, 660,000 semantic and 292,000 syntagmatic links, English interface, and communication with any text editor. Methods of delivery enriching are used based on generic and synon...

From the perspective of structural linguistics, we explore paradigmatic and syntagmatic lexical relations for Chinese POS tagging, an important and challenging task for Chinese language processing. Paradigmatic lexical relations are explicitly captured by word clustering on large-scale unlabeled data and are used to design new features to enhance a discriminative tagger. Syntagmatic lexical rel...

Traditionally, syntagmatic processes refer to the influence of “horizontal” elements on a word or phrase, in contradistinction to paradigmatic processes, which refer to “vertical” or alternative substitutions in a phrase. The term had significant currency in early and mid-twentieth century linguistics from Saussure on, and helped to define the formal study of syntax as widely practiced today. T...