This paper explores theories on designing optimal multipoint interconnection structures, and proposes a simple switch box design scheme which can be directly applied to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), switch box designs, and communication switching network designs. We present a new hyperuniversal switch box designs with four sides and terminals on each side, which is routable for every ...

There are a wide range of equally valid approaches to teaching networking. One approach is to teach internetworking technologies (switches, routers). However, an extensive analysis of educational materials in this area has indicated that these devices are typically treated as 'black boxes'. This is contrary to educational theory that supports the need for a conceptual model. Two state models we...

In this paper, we develop a unified theory in analyzing optimal switch box design problems, particularly for the unsolved irregular cases, where different pin counts are allowed on different sides. The results drawn from our system of linear Diophantine equations based formulation turn out to be general. We prove that the divideand-conquer (reduction) design methodology can also be applied to t...

Pre-mRNA splicing requires dramatic RNA rearrangements hypothesized to be catalyzed by ATP-dependent RNA unwindases of the DExD/H box family. In a rearrangement critical for the fidelity of 5' splice site recognition, a base-pairing interaction between the 5' splice site and U1 snRNA must be switched for a mutually exclusive interaction between the 5' splice site and U6 snRNA. By lengthening th...

a new output structure for class e power amplifier (pa) is proposed in this paper. a series lc resonator circuit, tuned near the second harmonic of the operating frequency is added to the output circuit. this resonator causes low impedance at the second harmonic. the output circuit is designed to shape the switch voltage of the class e amplifier and lower the voltage stress of the transistor. t...

Increased lower metal resistance makes physical aspects of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) switch-blocks more relevant than before. The need to navigate a design space where each individual switch can have significant impact on the FPGA’s performance in turn automated switch-pattern exploration techniques increasingly appealing. However, most existing fundamental limitation—they use CAD to...

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a well-known scaffold for many DNA replication and repair proteins, but how the switch between partners is regulated is currently unclear. Interaction with PCNA occurs via a domain known as a PCNA-Interacting Protein motif (PIP box). More recently, an additional specialized PIP box has been described, the « PIP degron », that targets PCNA-interacting...