introduction:  skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons  as  a  result  of  their  interactions  with  air,  collimators,  flattening  filter  and  any  other  objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...

background: the anatomic position and proven radiosensitivity of the thyroid make it an organ of concern in dental x-ray examinations. a national radiation protection department (nrpd)-sponsored pilot study carried out in the dental radiology department of rums., to assess if the radiation dose in panoramic radiographies could be reduced without significant impairment of the subjective image qu...

background: there is not any report on the radiation doses received by patients in diagnostic radiology sections in hospitals under control of chaharmahal and bakhtiari medical sciences university, in the south west of iran. objectives: the aim of this study is measurement of entrance surface doses (esd) for the most routine types of x-ray procedures in radiology centers as part of ongoing dose...

background: intraoral radiographies are the most frequent x-ray examinations in humans. according to international commission on radiation protection (icrp) recommendations, the selection of a diagnostic reference level (drl) should be specific to a country or region. critica l organs such as thyroid gland are exposed to x-rays in intraoral radiography and these exposures should be kept as low ...

introduction given the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation, compared to adults, special attention needs to be paid to radiation protection in pediatric radiology. diagnostic reference level (drl) has been defined to be employed as a practical tool for examining the overall performance of a radiological center in terms of patient dose among a series of similar equipments in an are...

Introduction: In radiotherapy, the bolus is often used while treating the tumor under the uneven surfaces of the patients for correcting the anatomical irregularities and increasing skin dose. Wet cotton and wet gauze are still used in developing countries, since the use of wet cotton and wet gauze has certain disadvantages, there is a need for transparent bolus which ...

background: one of the means of assessing dose to patients from computed tomography (ct) procedure is through the determination of the skin entrance dose (esd) with the appreciation of the concern that ocular exposure effects from ct scan includes possible induction of cancer and cataract. due to the relatively more recent introduction of ct scans, little work has been done in this area in the ...

background: intraoral radiographs are believed to deliver low doses to patients, thus little work has been done in this regards. considering the increment in the number of patients reporting for the examination and the probability of delayed somatic effects for accumulated low doses of x-irradiation, it is expedient to determine the doses to three critical organs eye, thyroid and parotid that a...

Background: The radiation dose received by contralateral breast (CLB) is one of the concerns of breast radiotherapy, because it may lead to the induction of secondary breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CLB surface dose in the breast treatment in Yazd radiotherapy center. Materials and Methods: The surface dose of CLB was measured using TLD dosimetry in 50 cancer breast pat...