Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and molecular fluorescence are used to probe the structure of a methylene blue monolayer adsorbed onto a sulfur-modified polycrystalline gold electrode. Changes in the wavelength of fluorescence for methylene blue on the gold electrode as compared to dilute solution indicate that the dye molecules' state of aggregation and electronic structure have been ...

Inverse-vulcanized polymeric sulfur has been prepared and utilized for solid-state dye sensitized solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 1.5% was recorded with a short-circuit current of 4.1 mA cm(-2) and an open-circuit voltage of 0.75 V under standard AM 1.5G illumination (1000 W m(-2)). The results in the present study qualify the new polymeric sulfur material as a future candidate as...

Cyclometalated ruthenium sensitizers have been synthesized that differ with number of thiophene units on the auxiliary ligands. Sensitizers possessing four (SA25, SA246, and SA285) or none (SA282) sulfur atoms in their structures, were tested in solar cell devices employing I3-/I- redox mediator, enabling an estimation of the influence of sulfur-iodine/iodide interactions on dye-sensitized sola...

A sulfur analogue of a Pechmann dye has been synthesized. In addition to long-wavelength absorption and fluorescence, it showed multiple redox processes with low reduction potentials in cyclic voltammetry. The size effect of sulfur is responsible for its enhanced electron-accepting character.

Part 1 of this chapter covers the chemical development of sulfur dyes and the general principles of their application to cotton. Sulfur dye reduction and oxidation are compared with those of vat dyes. The effect of different chemicals on each part of the dyeing process is discussed with respect. to their cost, benefits and environmental impact.

Denim jeans, dyed with natural or synthetic indigo, are the most popular garments worn by individuals of all ages and approximately one billion pairs of jeans are produced per annum. Traditionally, denim has been woven with cotton in a warp face twill weave, in which the warp is blue whereas the weft is white. Dyeing is usually performed with pure indigo, or indigo combined with a sulfur dye to...

sol-gel derived sulfur modified and pure zno nanorod were prepared using zinc chloride and thiocarbamide as raw materials. prepared nanorods were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (xrd), thermogravimetry- differential scanning calorimetry (tg–dsc), uv- vis absorption spectroscopy, brunauer emmett teller (bet) specific surface area and barrett joyner halenda (bjh) pore size distributio...

Sol-gel derived sulfur modified and pure ZnO nanorod were prepared using zinc chloride and thiocarbamide as raw materials. Prepared nanorods were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry- differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), UV- Vis absorption spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area and Barrett Joyner Halenda (BJH) pore size distributio...

Dye sensitization is now understood as the electron transfer process from excited dye molecules to the conduction band of a substrate (AgX in photography and TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cell). The electronic structure that is compatible with the electron transfer is characterized by the vacuum level shift at the interface between AgX and dyes. It was found that the alignment of permanent dipol...