elow the central government in all countries are the subnational government entities with varying legal and administrative powers and resources to discharge them. These entities comprise the provinces and regions at the upper intermediate level; the counties, districts, and municipalities at the lower intermediate level; and the village councils and territorial committees in small towns at the ...

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Intergovernmental grants are based on the interrelated choices of: (i) the national government deciding whether to offer the grant; (ii) the national government determining grant conditions; (iii) the subnational government deciding whether to accept the grant; and (iv) the subnational government determining policy, including spending levels, upon grant receipt. Empirically and theoretically, s...

Background This article conducts a comparative national and subnational government analysis of the political, economic, and ideational constructivist contextual factors facilitating the adoption of obesity and diabetes policy.   Methods We adopt a nested analytical approach to policy analysis, which combines cross-national statistical analysis with subnational case study comparisons to examine...

Federalist systems are considered centralized when the national government has greater weight in the formation and implementation of public policy and in decisions concerning resource allocation than subnational governments. In a decentralized federal system, subnational governments have some degree of autonomy or discretion in these two arenas. Even though national and subnational governments ...

A. Introduction Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are an important tool of public sector finance in both industrialized and developing countries for three principal reasons. First, central governments have advantages over subnational governments in raising revenue from many types of particularly productive sources, while subnational governments have advantages in providing many types of public...

Subnational governments play a significant role in ensuring good public governance. The way that they are organised and function has direct impact on the economic social well-being of citizens trust government. This report presents system multi-level government six Western Balkan economies, comparing them both with one another context broader international trends covers territorial institutiona...

This paper presents a general equilibrium analysis of disaster policy in a federation. The national government is postulated to offer optimal disaster relief, a policy that creates moral hazards for subnational government and private sector decisionmakers. In equilibrium, subnational governments, which compete for mobile productive resources, choose inefficiently low amounts of costly disaster ...