Purpose – To examine how a manager’s strategic philosophy is influenced by his or her management level in the organization. Design/methodology/approach – Scales are developed to measure managers’ philosophical perspectives along three key dimensions and tested with 289 managers in the United States. Refined scales are administered to 237 managers. Findings – A manager’s level in the organizatio...

We introduce a new measure of the discrepancy in strategic games between the social welfare in a Nash equilibrium and in a social optimum, that we call selfishness level. It is the smallest fraction of the social welfare that needs to be offered to each player to achieve that a social optimum is realized in a pure Nash equilibrium. The selfishness level is unrelated to the price of stability an...

introduction: a strategic plan provides the context for improving organizational performance by accurate, extensive, and in-depth identification and analysis of interior and exterior environments. this study was performed to develop and execute a strategic plan at the medical sciences universities of iran. methods: this analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in 2012-2013. the study ...

abstract: new approaches to strategy have accepted strategic thinking as a complement or even an alternative for strategic planning. indeed, strategic thinking capability has been recognized as a characteristic of successful top managers in organizations. moreover, the extant literature emphasizes the fact that top level managers can be taught to think strategically. however, there is no compre...