Stiffness matrix of the four-node quadrilateral plane stress element is decomposed into normal and shear components. A computer program is developed to obtain the straining modes using adequate and reduced integration. Then a solution for the problem of mixing straining modes is found. Accuracy of the computer program is validated by a closed-form stiffness matrix, derived for the plane rectang...

Straining of magnetic fields by large-scale shear flow, generally assumed to lead intensification and generation small scales, is re-examined in light the persistent observation astrophysics. It shown that, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, unstable flows have unexpected effect sequestering energy at large due counteracting straining motion nonlinearly excited stable eigenmodes. This quantified v...

1. This was an 18-week prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical study on a Chinese herbal medicine— MaZiRenWan (MZRW)—for the treatment of functional constipation. 2. 120 subjects with functional constipation (Rome III criteria) were randomised (60 per arm) into the MZRW and placebo groups. Respective responder rates for the two groups were 43.3% and 8.3% during treatme...

OBJECTIVES To verify whether abdominal pressure during urination represents an important factor in the postoperative development of inguinal hernia after radical retropubic prostatectomy. METHODS Participants comprised 228 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy without prophylaxis for inguinal herniation between 2002 and 2007. Development of inguinal hernia was assessed from ...

Microstructural evolutions of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel during tensile straining were investigated by in situ SEM observations. The results indicated that slip lines and mechanical twins as well as surface relief were increased with increasing strain, resulting in a stepped surface. Additionally, these deformation mechanisms could change the shape of each grain via shear and rota...

The micro/nano structural evolution before and after tensile loading, fatigue and ultimately, failure has been studied by Raman microspectroscopy for PA66, PP, PBO and PET single fibres and precursors, using two probes : low wavenumber collective modes at <150 cm as representative of the crystalline and amorphous chains and stretching and bending modes, as representative of the C-C bond local b...

In the present work, effects of loading scheme and strain reversal on structure evolution are studied by using high pressure torsion (HPT) and twist extrusion (TE) techniques. High purity aluminum (99.99%) was processed at room temperature up to a total average equivalent strain of ~4.8 by TE and HPT with two deformation modes: monotonic and reversal deformation with a step of 12 ̊ rotation. It ...