human resource management (hrm) is a noteworthy tool of all the organization. its significance has puffed-up day by day due to heterogeneous workers and organizations, to recognize and effectively manage workforce diversity by hrm practices. the main purpose of this paper is to investigate gender discrimination by means of sticky floors and glass ceiling effects in the public and private sector...

Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe? Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wages Distribution Using harmonised data from the European Union Household Panel, we analyse gender pay gaps by sector across the wages distribution for ten countries. We find that the mean gender pay gap in the raw data typically hides large variations in the gap across the wages distribution. We use quantile regress...

Using harmonised data from the European Union Household Panel, we analyse gender pay gaps by sector across the wages distribution for ten countries. We find that the mean gender pay gap in the raw data typically hides large variations in the gap across the wages distribution. We use quantile regression (QR) techniques to control for the effects of individual and job characteristics at different...

Despite changes in social norms and policies, on average across 25 European countries, there remains a gap of around 15% hourly earnings between similarly-qualified men women. This raises inequality limits growth by preventing women from reaching their full labour market potential. Using individual-level data, this paper quantifies the main drivers gender wage gaps with view to devising effecti...

“Glass ceilings” and “sticky floors” are typical explanations for the low representation of women in top executive positions, but a focus on gender differences in promotions provides only a partial explanation. We consider the life-cycle of executive employment, which allows for a full characterization of the gender composition of executive management. We establish that there are few women in e...