F resh bakery products have been a staple food for humans for hundreds of years. Freshly baked products have a flavorful aroma, yeasty, sweet taste, and soft but resilient texture. However, the freshness of bakery products can be lost quickly over time. This loss of freshness is due to a series of slow chemical and physical changes that leads to progressive firming of the crumb, commonly referr...

in this research, after conducting chemical tests on flour samples (moisture, ash, protein, fiber and ph), potato flour and xanthan gum were added to wheat four at levels 5, 10 and 15 percents and 0.5 and 1 percents, respectively, and subsequently production of toast bread in semi-industrial manner was started, then the qualitative characteristics (nutritional value) of toast breads were measur...

barley is a kind of cereal that contains high amounts of β-glucan. β-glucan is a major component of soluble fiber implicated in hypocholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, diabetes and heart attacks. investigations show that hull-less barley has more β-glucan than hulled barley. in this study the physical and chemical properties of hull-less barley (ehds 18), wheat (zarrin) varitiese, barley flour, and ...

Palliatives for enhancing the stability of beer flavor have been evaluated by organoleptic tests, but primarily by use of an accelerated aging technique, followed by estimation of staling substances using thiobarbituric acid (TBA). TBA has also been used to trace the quantities of carbonyl compounds and their precursors through malting and brewing and in beer treated with palliatives and substa...

“Pan de Muerto” is a traditional bread type, emblematic of Mexican bakery. This work’s objectives were defining its characteristics, determining the effect fat content, and storage conditions on staling, examining relative impact these crystallization starch retrogradation. Staling was evaluated via changes in Young’s modulus. Fat retrogradation studied considering thermal crystalline propertie...

Staling of bread is cause of significant product waste in the world. We 26 reviewed the literature of last 10 years with the aim to give an up-to-date overview on 27 processing/storage parameters, antistaling ingredients, sourdough technology, and 28 measurement methods of the staling phenomenon. Many researchers have been focusing their 29 interest on the selection of ingredients able to retar...

the effect of flour extraction rate on flour composition, dough rheological characteris-tics and the quality of iranian flat breads (lavash, taftoon and barbari) and their staling rate was investigated. flours with different extraction rates (70, 75, 80, 83, 86, 88, 90 and 93) were subjected to different tests. resultes indicated that, by increasing the extraction rate, the amount of protein, f...

The traditional use of sodium chloride (NaCl) fulfils various important rheological, technological and sensory properties while manufacturing of baked goods. However, using NaCl in the production of food has been controversially discussed since a high intake of sodium is discussed to be associated with hypertension. Retrogradation of starch in bread crumb is defined for changes that take place ...