In this paper, the optimal Fresnel lenses are designed by Zemax software.The fundamental problem of the Fresnel lenses is the beam divergence, which wasresolved by decreeing the output stain diameter on the image plane. For this purpose,two types of radial and cylindrical Fresnel lenses are simulated with different groovesusing Global and Hammer optimization methods. The minimum output stain di...

An experimental study was done to determine the diameter and velocity of blood drops falling on a surface by measuring the size of bloodstains they produced and counting the number of radial spines projecting from them. Bloodstains were formed by releasing drops of pig blood with a range of diameters (3.0-4.3 mm) and impact velocities (2.4-4.9 m/s), onto four different flat surfaces (glass, ste...

Zinc appears to play a role in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. We tested the hypothesis that zinc is similarly involved in sensory transmission by determining whether vesicular zinc and metallothionein-III (MT-III), a zinc-binding protein, are localized in rat primary afferent neurons. MT-III mRNA, measured using RT-PCR, and MT-III immunoreactivity, were both present in the spinal cor...

statement of problem: primary teeth discoloration can cause mentally and socially unpleasant effects in children. this can also be a sign of systemic disease. despite the importance of this subject, a comprehensive study has not been performed yet. purpose: the aim of this study was determining the frequency of different types of primary teeth discoloration. materials and methods: in this cross...

Histomorphological and histochemical study, by light microscopy, was undertaken on the lower respiratory system of albino rat at two different ages (1st 4th months). The trachea lungs were weighted, measured stained with Hematoxylin eosin, Masson's Trichrome stain PAS stain. results revealed there's significant differences in weight body lung pups represented gradually increase respectively, 1s...

Optimal histochemical staining is critical to ensure excellent quality stained sections to enable light microscopic and histomorphometric image analysis. Verhoeff-van Gieson is the most widely used histochemical stain for the visualization of vascular elastic fibers. However, it is notoriously difficult to differentiate fine elastic fibers of small vasculature to enable histomorphometric image ...

1. Adrenal tumor. (A) Abdominal computed tomography showed a large mass with smooth margin, 6.0 cm in diameter, in the left adrenal gland. No sweling of the lymph nodes around the tumor was observed. (B) An adenoma measuring 7.5×6.0×5.5 cm and weighing 122 g with a smooth surface was removed. Its cut surface was golden yelow. (C) HE stain ×20. The adenoma was encapsulated. The adjacent normal a...

Functional studies have shown that the sphingolipid ceramide, self-assembles in phospholipid membranes to form large channels capable of allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Here these channels are visualized by negative stain transmission electron microscopy. The images contain features consistent with stain-filled pores having a roughly circular profile. There is no indication of tilt, an...

Droplets of pig's blood were dropped onto paper at different angles to the horizontal to produce blood stains. Impact velocities varied from 1.82 to 5.76 m/sec, drop size from 3.7 to 5.0 mm in diameter, and the surface sloped at angles between 22.7 degrees and 90 degrees to the horizontal. From the data a single equation relating stain size to drop size and velocity for all impact angles was pr...

BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions usually relies on fluoroscopic guided procedures. As fluoroscopy is not routinely available in many respiratory units, an approach not using fluoroscopy but with a high diagnostic yield is highly desirable. METHODS Immediate cytological examination of multiple brushings using Riu's stain, a modified Wright's stain, was performed in...