Smnmary. Washed whole chloroplasts of Spinacia oleracea isolated and assayed in a tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane)-HCl bu'ifered sucrose solution exhibited low dark CO.2 fixing activity, whereas washed whole chloroplasts isolated in the same buffer but assayed in that ibuffer without sucrose exh;ibited much greater dark CO2 'fixing activity. The lowered activity could be attributed to the impe...

Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherriette), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Waldmann's Green), and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Nordic IV) plants were grown under 660-nm red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and were compared at equal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with either plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) or red LEDs supplemented with 10% (30 micromoles m-2 s-1) blue ...

Diacylgalactosylglycerol synthesis was a prerequisite for the incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into linoleate and alpha-linolenate of isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Oleate at position 1 of diacylgalactosylglycerol was desaturated to linoleate and alpha-linolenate both in the light and in the dark. Some desaturation of palmitate was also observed after prolonged incubations.

The dioecious genus Spinacia is thought to include two wild relatives (S. turkestanica Ilj. and S. tetrandra Stev.) of cultivated spinach (S. oleracea L.). In this study, nuclear and chloroplast sequences from 21 accessions of Spinacia germplasm and six spinach cultivars or lines were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to define the relationships among the three species. Maximum-likelihood sequ...

Spinacia oleracea, Arum maculatum, Alanine: Aldehyde Aminotransferase, Amine-Biosynthesis, Subcellular Localization, Mitochondria L-Alanine: aldehyde aminotransferase occurs ubiquitously in higher plants. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction: L-alanine + monoaldehyde -> monoamine + pyruvate; it is responsible for the formation of aliphatic plant amines and involved in the biosynthesis of hemlock a...

Suspension cultures were incubated in the presence and absence of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) in an attempt to define a new experimental system for study of the molecular action of gibberellins upon growth. Unlike many suspension cultures, an auxin-independent green clone from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and an auxin-dependent line of "Paul's Scarlet" rose (Rosa sp.) were promoted in expansion ...

Two types of red pigment, anthocyanins and betacyanins, never occur together in the same plant. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants as flower and fruit pigments, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. We isolated cDNAs encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which is the first enzyme committed to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flavonoid path...

Present investigations were carried out during 1998-2000 at Shivri farm of Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar Nigam, Lucknow, India, to study the effect of vermicompost application in reclaimed sodic soils on the productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and turnip (Brassica campestris). The soil quality was monitored during the experiment followed by productivity. The tre...

Mitochondria isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves oxidized glycine with a stoichiometry of CO2 evolution to O2 uptake of 2 : 1. In the absence of added substrate, the mitochondria exhibited an extremely low endogenous rate of O2 uptake.