Fern spermatozoids respond chemotactically to concentration gradients of malic or maleic acid salts (Pfeffer, 1884). They respond weakly to salts of a few other dicarboxylic acids, but do not respond to succinate or fumarate (Shibata, 1911; Rothschild, 1956). Previous workers concluded, without adequate justification, that the malate ion, and not the undissociated malic acid molecule, is chemot...

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation have the ability to alter reversibly or irreversibly the cellular function in humans. It has been proposed that the ROS alters the biochemistry and the physiology of the sperm. On the other hand, the antioxidative mechanisms could protect the sperms from the damage produced by free radicals. AIM To determine the normal values for superoxide d...

What I most wished to discover [in my study] was the role that spermatozoids play in fertilization. In order to determine this, I put a droplet of red liquid, and at a small distance, a similar droplet of white liquid in a little trough on the viewing slide of the microscope; then, after covering all of this with a thin strip of glass, I added a drop of sea water. I was then able to watch the s...

The spermatozoids of lower plants have long been recognized as remarkably complex motile gametes. Spermatozoids differ markedly from the other gametophyte cells that surround or give rise to them. Their differentiation process involves the synthesis and assembly of a complex cytoskeleton and a motile apparatus that can be simple or complex, having as few as two to as many as thousands of ciliar...

Freshly released eggs of the marine brown alga Dictyota dichotoma secrete a substance that attracts spermatozoids. This compound has been identified as n-butyl-cyclohepta-2,5-diene. It is closely related to attractants in several other brown algae and confirms that a relation exists between phylogeny and attractant compounds.

Revealing peculiarities of the course physiological and biochemical processes in formation parameters ejaculate allows effective correlation biological completeness spermatozoids based on use chelate compounds limiting microelements, particularly copper. The study was focused determining changes spermatogenesis during correction mineral nutrition. In experiment, we used adult boars same age, li...