existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. according to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

Smart grids are promoted to resolve challenges of electricity production and consumption. Social studies of smart grids have been undertaken that utilise practice theory to explore and gain insight on the development of smart grids with a particular focus on households. This perspective usefully describes practices in which electricity is used in households. However, reducing smart grid ecologi...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. According to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

using electric vehicles, in addition to decreasing the environmental concerns, can play an important role in decreasing the peak and filling the off-peaks of the daily load characteristics. in other words, in smart grids' infrastructure, the load characteristics can be improved by scheduling the charge and discharge process of electric vehicles. in smart grids, the customers are instantane...

this paper proposes an optimal power flow (opf) algorithm by direct load control (dlc) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. the cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with dlc programs. the load curtailment cost is based ...

Smart grids will make extensive use of information and communication technology (ICT) to enable the integration of renewable energy sources. Consequently, future power grids come with a much larger cyber-attack surface, which makes cybersecurity risk assessment a major concern. Due to their cyber-physical nature, risk assessment in smart grids is a challenging task. Moreover, the complex mix of...

in this paper, plug-in fuel cell electric vehicle (pfcev) is considered with dual power sources including fuel cell (fc) and battery energy storage. in order to respond to a transient power demand, usually supercapacitor energy storage device is combined with fuel cell to create a hybrid system with high energy density of fuel cell and the high power density of battery. in order to simulate the...

Growing energy needs forces governments to look for alternative resources and ways of better energy grid management and load balancing. As a major initiative, many countries including the UK, the USA and China have already started deploying smart grids. One of the biggest advantages of smart grids compared to traditional energy grids is the ability to remotely read fine-granular measurements fr...