Global Positioning System (GPS) is proven to be an accurate positioning sensor. However, there are several sources of errors such as ionosphere and troposphere effects, satellite time errors, errors of orbit data, receivers errors, and errors resulting from multi-path effect which reduce the accuracy of low-cost GPS receivers. These sources of errors also limit the use of single-frequency GPS r...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilised in a wide range of deformation monitoring applications, such as the monitoring of active volcanoes, tectonic fault lines, landslides, ground subsidence, bridges, dams, high-rise buildings, etc. During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency ...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilised in a wide range of deformation monitoring applications. During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency and dual-frequency receivers. The strategy is to deploy a few permanent GPS stations with dual-frequency, geodetic-grade receivers surroun...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilised in a wide range of deformation monitoring applications. During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency and dual-frequency receivers. The strategy is to deploy a few permanent, ‘fiducial’ GPS stations with dual-frequency, geodetic-grade recei...

During the past few years a methodology has been developed for processing data collected by GPS networks consisting of a mixed set of single-frequency and dual-frequency receivers. The strategy is to deploy a few permanent, ‘fiducial’ GPS stations with dual-frequency, geodetic-grade receivers surrounding an ‘inner’ network of low-cost, single-frequency GPS receivers. Such a configuration offers...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) can be utilised to detect ground deformations of the surface of a volcano. Ground deformation monitoring is considered one of the most effective tools for investigating the behaviour of active volcanoes. The decreasing cost of GPS hardware, together with the increased reliability of the technology, facilitates such demanding applications. GPS ground deformati...