one of the most important parameters used for determining the performance of tunnel boring machines (tbms) is their penetration rate. the parameters affecting the penetration rate can be divided in two categories. the first category is the controllable parameters such as the tbm technical characteristics, and type and geometry of the tunnel, and the second one is the uncontrollable parameters s...

Background: Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of a linear accelerator is a prerequisite for Monte Carlo dose calculations in external beam radiotherapy. In this study, a simple and efficient model was developed for Elekta SL-25 linear accelerator using MCNP4C Monte Carlo code Materials and methods: The head of Elekta SL-25 linac was simulated for 6 and 18 MV photon beams using MCNP4C MC code. Energ...

background:  this study presents patient specific and organ dose estimation in computed tomography (ct) imaging of thorax directly from patient ct image using monte carlo simulation.  patient's ct image is considered as the patient specific phantom and the best representative of patient physical index in order to calculate specific organ dose. materials and methods: egsnrc /beamnrc monte c...

Background:  This study presents patient specific and organ dose estimation in computed tomography (CT) imaging of thorax directly from patient CT image using Monte Carlo simulation.  Patient's CT image is considered as the patient specific phantom and the best representative of patient physical index in order to calculate specific organ dose. Materials and Methods: EGSnrc /BEAMnr...

Background: Recently, it has been indicated that X-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. Some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. Since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. Monte Carlo (MC) codes are the best...

introduction radiotherapy with small fields is used widely in newly developed techniques. additionally, dose calculation accuracy of treatment planning systems in small fields plays a crucial role in treatment outcome. in the present study, dose calculation accuracy of two commercial treatment planning systems was evaluated against monte carlo method. materials and methods siemens once or linea...

Monte Carlo MC method is probably the most widespread simulation technique due to its ease of use Quasi Monte Carlo QMC methods have been designed in order to speed up the convergence rate of MC but their implementation requires more stringent assumptions For instance the direct QMC simulation of Markov chains is ine cient due to the correlation of the points used We propose here to survey the ...

background: recently, it has been indicated that x-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. monte carlo (mc) codes are the best option...

Introduction: Radiation therapy using electron beams is a promising method due to its physical dose distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) code is the best and most accurate technique for forespeaking the distribution of dose in radiation treatment of patients.Materials and Methods: We report an MC simulation of a linac head and depth dose on central axis, along with profile calculations. The purpose o...

in this paper, the pricing of a european call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a monte carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. the proposed approach, applied in monte carlo simulation, is based on the black-scholes equation which generally def...