objective(s):intermittent hypoxia (ih), caused by obstructive sleep apnea (osa), could cause hippocampus or neuron damage through multiple signaling pathways, while the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. thus, the present study aimed to explore the effect of ih on the biological functions of microglia cells. materials and methods:cell proliferation of bv2 cells after exposure to ih were o...

potent induction of fetal hemoglobin (hbf) production results in alleviating the complications of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (scd). hbf inducer agents can trigger several molecular signaling pathways critical for erythropoiesis. janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak/stat), mitogen activated protein kinas (mapk) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) are con...

signaling in pluripotent stem cells is a complex and dynamic process involving multiple mediators, finely tuned to balancing pluripotency and differentiation states. characterizing and modifying the necessary signaling pathways to attain desired cell types is required for stem-cell applications in various fields of regenerative medicine. these signals may help enhance the differentiation potent...

It is estimated that up to 20% of all types of human cancers worldwide are attributed to viruses. The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenes...

interferons (ifns) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. although ifns have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. ifns exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. Although IFNs have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. IFNs exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...

Objective(s): Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloid clonal proliferation disease defining by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome that shows the movement of BCR-ABL1. In this study, the critical role of the Musashi2-Numb axis in determining cell fate and relationship of the axis to important signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and Notch that are essential ...