interferons (ifns) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. although ifns have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. ifns exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...

Precise regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for normal animal development and for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in adults. The Wnt/Frizzled-mediated signaling includes canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling (or the Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction) leads to a variety of human diseas...

the immune system of mammalian organisms undergoes alterations that may account for an increased susceptibility to certain infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies. well characterized are age related defect in t cell functions and cell mediated immunity. although it is well established that the functional properties of t cells decrease with age, its biochemical and molecular nature is p...

conclusions mg-63 and saos-2 osteosarcoma cell lines might not represent appropriate experimental models for studies that aim to analyze signal transduction in osteoblasts. background a large number of phospholipase c (plc) enzymes, both mrna transcripts and proteins, have been detected in osteoblasts, corroborating the importance of calcium regulation in bone tissue. mg-63 and saos-2 human ost...

background: human umbilical cord blood (hucb) is an acceptable and readily accessible source of stem cells. there is an ongoing interest in cord blood stem cell therapies; however, little is known about the possible unfavorable effects of laboratory modifications on the isolated hucb cells. the involvement of mirnas in several biological processes has been shown. the aim of this study was to ev...