haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs) vaccine which is prepared in razi institute is used in endemic areas ofiran. aluminum-hydroxide gel was used as adjuvant for preparing this vaccine. post-vaccinal shock reactionswere the main complaint after use of this vaccine. in a previous study, we could improve the vaccine byalum-precipitation pasteurella multocida cells and removing the liquid phase. in this ...

Aversive events such as electric shock lead to analgesia. There have been differing views with regard to whether the aversive event itself can lead to analgesia as a direct unconditioned reaction, or whether the analgesia is instead a reaction to fear conditioned to cues present during shock or to other associative processes initiated by the aversive event. Maier (1989, 1990) has argued that av...

The chemical-gas dynamic mechanisms behind the instability and failure of a onedimensional pulsating detonation wave driven by a three-step chain-branching reaction are revealed by direct numerical simulation. Two types of pulsating instability observed experimentally are explained. The first involves regular oscillations of the detonation front, where the instability is driven by low-frequency...

Elemental powder mixes were subjected to plane-wave shock processing which reduced the initial porosity to essentially zero. Two powder mixes in a 5:3 Ti:Si atomic ratio were used: 2325 mesh Ti and Si ~,45 mm!, and 2100 mesh Ti and Si ~,150 mm! with shock pressures up to 7.3 GPa and shock energies up to 671 J/g. Shock pressures were calculated using hugoniot parameters for porous elemental powd...

Shock initiated chemical reaction experiments have been performed on a 1:l atomic ratio mixture of 20to 45,um nickel and 325 mesh crystalline silicon powders. It has been observed that no detectable or only minor surface reactions occur between the constituents until a thermal energy threshold is reached, above which the reaction goes to completion. The experiments show the energy difference be...

Title of Thesis: MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF LASER INDUCED SHOCK RESPONSE IN REACTIVE Ni/Al NANOLAMINATES Degree Candidate: Alexander Blacque Meissner Degree and Year: Master of Science, 2009 Thesis Directed by: Professor Michael Zachariah Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry To characterize the self-propagating, high-temperature exothermic alloying reactions of Ni/Al nanos...