water saturation and cation exchange capacity are the most significant parameters used to calculate a hydrocarbon zone potential. in clean formations, by applying the famous archie model, which assumes that in the formation the only electric conductor is the formation water, the water saturation can be calculated. additionally, in shaly sand formations this assumption may not be true as the ion...

Water saturation and cation exchange capacity are the most significant parameters used to calculate a hydrocarbon zone potential. In clean formations, by applying the famous Archie model, which assumes that in the formation the only electric conductor is the formation water, the water saturation can be calculated. Additionally, in shaly sand formations this assumption may not be true as the ion...

the sarcheshmeh formation is a shaly sequence of lower cretaceous age (aptian) which is deposited in koppeh-dagh sedimentary basin and conformably overlies and underlies the tirgan and sanghaneh formations respectively in the toos well # 1. lithologically, this formation has a thickness of 177m and consists mainly of marl, shale and shaly limestone. palynological studies resulted in identificat...

The problem of slow drilling in deep shale formations occurs worldwide causing significant expenses to the oil industry. Bit balling which is widely considered as the main cause of poor bit performance in shales, especially deep shales, is being drilled with water-based mud. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop a model to diagnose drilling effectivity. Hence, we arrived at graphical cor...

In hydrocarbon reservoirs, the accuracy of saturation depends on precision water and resistivity (Sw Rw). A significant interpretation parameter is formation (interstitial or connate which is, uncontaminated by drilling mud that saturates porous rock) because it appropriate for calculations (water and/or hydrocarbon) from basic logs. The most reliable way to determine this value through determi...

A rich record of specimens with slightly sclerotised skeletal parts or even soft−bodied fossils have been established from several well−known lower and middle Cambrian Lagerstätte, e.g., Bur− gess Shale of the Stephen Formation, Kinzers, Marjum, and Wheeler formations in North America; Buen Formation in North Greenland; Doushantuo, Chengjiang, and Kaili in China; Emu Bay Shale in Australia and ...

Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is strongly influenced by two major N-S trending paleohighs (Hendijan- Bahregansar-Regesafid-Izeh and Kharge- Mish) and surrounding p...

three well - known source rocks of the zagros basin and the persian gulf are mesozoic in age.the jurassic sargelu, albian kazhdumi and neocomian-coniacian garau formations have charged the cretaceous reservoirs of this area. the northwest part of the persian gulf is strongly influenced by two major n-s trending paleohighs (hendijan- bahregansar-regesafid-izeh and kharge- mish) and surrounding p...

One of the primary methods to determine water saturation is logging measurement which uses models. Archie`s interpretation model estimate in clean formations has successfully been useful over years. However, shaly sand formation this yields inaccurate estimates due effects. Many models have developed; unfortunately; there no unique works best for all as subsurface information may be limited and...