Salinization of soil is primarily caused by capillary rise from saline shallow groundwater orapplication of saline irrigation water. In this investigation, the transient state analytical modelwas modified to predict water uptake from saline shallow groundwater, actual cropevapotranspiration, soil water content, dry matter, seed yield and soil salinity under differentsaline groundwater depths, i...

Glossary Deep water A surface wave is said to be in deep water if its wavelength is much shorter than the local water depth. Internal wave A internal wave travels within the interior of a fluid. The maximum velocity and maximum amplitude occur within the fluid or at an internal boundary (interface). Internal waves depend on the density-stratification of the fluid. Shallow water A surface wave i...

the coast of bangladesh has a specialty in terms of high bending and many off- shore islands. incorporation of the coastline and island boundaries properly in the numerical scheme is essential for accurate estimation of water levels due to surge. for that purpose a numerical scheme consisting of very fine mesh is required along the coastal belt, whereas this is unnecessary away from the coast. in...

wall-jet flow is an important flow field in hydraulic engineering, and its applications include flow from the bottom outlet of dams and sluice gates. in this paper, the plane turbulent wall jet in shallow tailwater is simulated by solving the reynolds averaged navier-stokes equations using the standard  turbulence closure model. this study aims to explore the ability of a time splitting method ...

This paper deals with violent discontinuities in shallow water flows with large Froude number F . On a horizontal base, the paradigm problem is that of the impact of two fluid layers in situations where the flow can be modelled as two smooth regions joined by a singularity in the flow field. Within the framework of shallow water theory we show that, over a certain timescale, this discontinuity ...

We present an analysis of acoustic wave propagation in a random shallow-water waveguide with an energy absorbing sub-bottom, in which deviations of the index of refraction are a stochastic process. The speciic model we study is motivated by the oceanic waveguide in shallow waters, in which the sub-bottom sediment leads to energy loss from the acoustic eld, and the stochastic process results fro...

(A) For elastic sediments we derived a new PE formulation [1] that unlike any predecessor handles layered environments accurately and efficiently while remaining numerically stable. This formulation, based on different computational variables, can treat range dependent sediments and properly account for energy conservation [2]. We demonstrated additional properties and advantages of the new met...

shallowand deep-water acoustics. But during the cold war, the research emphasis shifted abruptly to deep water, where the ballistic missile submarine threat lurked (see box 1). After the cold war, the onset of regional conflicts in coastal countries shifted the focus again to shallow water. Those waters encompass about 5% of the world’s oceans on the continental shelves, roughly the region from...