Unlike research in reading which focuses on data from individuals reading independently, this study identified second language (L2) college students’ reading processes that occurred within dyadic peer interactions during shadow-reading, a collaborative procedure based on repetition and summarizing. Also, written retellings (immediate and delayed) were collected to assess the impact of shadow-re...

The current study investigates the effects of shadow-reading on development reading comprehension undergraduate students who studied English at Ajloun University College/ Al-Balqa Applied University. researchers randomly selected 100 EFL learners from Department Language College enrolled in course first semester2021/2022. were and second-year aged 18-22. sample was divided equally into experime...

Recovery of document images scanned from thick bound volumes is necessary for the purpose of human reading and text retrieval. The main problem with scanning of bound volumes is that there always occurs perspective distortion. Such distortion causes two sources of degradation for the scanned images – 1) shadow at the book spine area, and 2) warping of the words in the shadow. In this paper, we ...

Listening comprehension is at the heart of language learning (Kurita, 2012). It is an importantlanguage skill to develop in terms of second language acquisition (SLA) (Dunkel, 1991; Rost,2001; Vandergrift, 2007).In spite of its importance, L2 learners often regard listening as themost difficult language skill to learn. In this study, shadowing as an act or task in listening, inwhich the learner...

Pronunciation is essential to appropriate communication because the incorrect use ofpronunciation inevitably leads to the message being misunderstood by the receptor. In spite of itsimportance, L2 learners often regard pronunciation as the most difficult language skill to learn.In this study, shadowing as an act or task in pronunciation, in which the learner tracks the targetspeech and repeats ...

Shadow banking is a term that came out of the financial crisis of 2007-2009. There is a belief that shadow banking was one of the crisis reasons. Because the excessive expansion of shadow banking endangers the financial stability of countries, this paper examines the impact of shadow banking on financial stability using data from 14 countries of the G20 during 2002-2018. We divided countries in...

Lip-reading has potential attractive applications in information security, speech recognition, secret communication and so forth. To build an automatic lip-reading system, one key issue is how to locate the lip region, particularly under the changing illumination condition. Empirical studies have shown that the recognition rate of a lipreading system greatly relies on the accuracy of the lip lo...

there is a bilateral relationship between psychoanalysis and literature. literature enlivens the soul and psychoanalysis dissects literature. what psychoanalysts express today has attended in the past literature and is proposed now scientifically after psychoanalysis was identified as a science. by analyzing an art work from the perspective of psychology, it seems being possible to understand a...