The expansion of the settlement trough is an important factor in the risk assessment of the tunneling induced settlement. The increase of settlement trough requires buildings to be included in the impact zone, which causes damages. This paper conducts estimation of the settlement trough width (STW) using empirical approaches, field measurement data and numerical solutions. The credibility of th...

Fitting a Gaussian curve to real settlement data is of practical use because the parameters that describe the curve, namely volume loss, maximum settlement and trough width, are conceptually easy to understand and can be compared at different locations and for different tunnel sizes, depths and construction methods. Where the magnitude of surface settlements is small, it can be difficult to obt...

Methods to improve bearing capacity of footing resting of collapsing soil can, in fact, take two approaches, improving soil strength properties and intrusion of reinforcing sorces into soil. The footing is modeled by a square steel plate 0.1 by 0.1 m. The footing is loaded as to have a stress of 40 kPa and settlement is receded in dry and in soaking conditions. Two depths of the geo-mesh reinfo...

Ground surface settlement under subway tunnel construction is one of the main sources urban ground settlement, which may threaten safety existing buildings. Therefore, it necessary to study influence on and stability subsidence. In current study, originating from operation a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) while excavating double-line that underpasses buildings studied. To this end, numerical simul...

When a pipe roof is used as pre-support for the surrounding rock in shallowly buried tunnel, accurate prediction of support effectiveness important order to ensure rationality structure design. Based on analysis effects, considering construction time structures and interaction mechanisms between steel pipes rock, we establish calculation model pressure acting each semi-circular boundary. Throug...

The process of shield tunnel excavation would inevitably cause surrounding ground movement, and excessive displacement in the soil could lead to large deformation even collapse tunnel. methods estimating convergence around opening is summarized. Then, a universal pattern boundary condition cavity originally introduced, which solved as combination three fundamental modes, namely, uniform converg...

To increase the recording density of hard disk drives (HDDs), it is indispensable to improve the servo track writing (STW) technology that writes the servo positioning information used to position the magnetic recording head onto the data track. Previously, it was popular to write the servo tracks by using the HDD’s own head and positioning it using an external actuator. Recently, however, the ...

Table S1. Bacterial strains used to examine the host range of bacteriophage E202. Bacterial strain Source or reference Plaque formation Burkholderia mallei NCTC 120 NCTC NCTC 10248 “ + NCTC 10229 “ + NCTC 10260 “ + NCTC 10247 “ + NCTC 3708 “ + NCTC 3709 “ + ATCC 23344 ATCC + ATCC 10399 “ + ATCC 15310 “ + DB110795 [1] DD3008 [2] + Burkholderia pseudomallei 316c [3] NCTC 4845 NCTC + 1026b [4] WR...