The separating words problem asks for the size of the smallest DFA needed to distinguish between two words of length ≤ n (by accepting one and rejecting the other). In this paper we survey what is known and unknown about the problem, consider some variations, and prove several new results.

The usefulness of a cation exchange system followed by conductometric detection for alkylimidazolium cations separation and analysis was found for the first time. Furthermore, the possibility of simultaneously separating cations and anions typically used in ionic liquids in one chromatographic run was tested. A tandem of columns containing silica-based strong anion exchange and strong cation ex...

The optimized random phase approximation (OPPA) Is applied to the calculation of the thermodynamlc properties and pair correlation function of slmole liquids. General formulas are presented, together with results tor the Lennard-Jones fluid, which are compared with Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic results. Excellent agreement Is obtained for the entire single phase fluid region of the phase di...

Using the advective Cahn–Hilliard equation as a model, we illuminate the role of advection in phase-separating binary liquids. The advecting velocity is either prescribed, or is determined by an evolution equation that accounts for the feedback of concentration gradients into the flow. After obtaining some general results about the existence and regularity of solutions to the model equation, we...

We present multi-material simulations in the Lagrangian framework. The methods employed are based on classical Godunov-like methods that are adapted to treat the case of interfaces separating different materials. In the models considered the gas, liquids or elastic materials are described by specific constitutive laws, but the governing equations are the same. Examples of gas-gas and elastic-el...

The increasing level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is a big threat to the environment and plays a key role towards global warming and climate change. In this context to combat such issues, polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) serve as potential substitutes that offer an extremely versatile and tunable platform to fabricate a wide variety of sorbents for CO2 capture, in particular, for flu...

After advent of Islam especially through and after the reign of Abbasid caliphs; interest of scientists and engineers wasdrawn towards the” mechanical or ingenious devices”. The wise jar was originally designed by Ahmad ibnMüsä, thefamous Iranian scientist who lived in the 5th century A.H.(9th A.D). It consists of a jar with a mechanically intelligentmechanism inside, which is capable of separa...